玉米秸秆还田对土壤地力及固碳能力的影响  

Effects of Maize Straw Returning on Soil Fertility Index and Carbon Sequestration Ability

作　　者：李硕 李博哲 王超[3] 孙鹏[1,4,5] LI Shuo;LI Bozhe;WANG Chao;SUN Peng(Agricultural Products and Processing Quality and Inspection and Testing Center(Daqing),Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Group,Hulunbuir 021000,China;College of Food Science,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center of Crop Straw Utilizationin,Daqing 163319,China;Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农业农村部农产品及加工品质量监督检验测试中心(大庆),黑龙江大庆163319 [2]呼伦贝尔农垦集团有限公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]黑龙江省秸秆资源化利用工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆163319 [5]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第5期32-38,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：大庆市农业农村领域市校融合项目(SXRH2021-23,SXRH2022-02)。

摘　　要：为探明农产品化肥减量后土壤养分的变化,促进玉米秸秆还田,提升土壤肥力,从2019年开始在黑龙江省大庆市所属4个牧场连续3年进行玉米秸秆还田试验,期间随机选取31处采样点分别进行3次抽样,分析土壤样品中pH、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质、有机碳和水溶性盐等指标,以此判断玉米秸秆还田对土壤地力和固碳能力的影响。结果表明,长期玉米秸秆还田土壤中有机质含量由21.2 g·kg^(-1)增长至23.6 g·kg^(-1);秸秆还田土壤中有效磷的含量平均增长约144.0%,而未还田土壤中有效磷含量的平均增长约138%;碱解氮含量由166.50 mg·kg^(-1)增长至194.50 mg·kg^(-1),且2022年与2021年测定的碱解氮含量差异显著。可见秸秆还田后土壤固碳能力增加,肥力增强,而pH一直维持在7.92~8.23。因此,合理运用玉米秸秆还田可改善土壤耕作环境,减少土壤中盐分聚集,提高土壤对有机碳的固定效果,调节土壤的酸碱稳定性,对东北土壤生产力的可持续发展具有重要意义。In order to explore the changes of soil nutrients after the reduction of chemical fertilizers in agricultural products and the impact of straw returning on soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity,the quality and safety of agricultural products were strengthened.In this study,maize straw returning experiments were carried out in four pastures in Daqing City,Heilongjiang Province for three consecutive years starting from 2019,during which 31 sampling points were randomly selected for three sampling sessions to analyze the pH,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter,organic carbon and water-soluble salts in soil samples.The results showed that the content of organic matter in the soil of long-term maize straw returning increased from 21.2 g·kg^(-1)to 23.6 g·kg^(-1).The average increase of available phosphorus content in straw returning soil was about 144%,while the average increase of available phosphorus content in unreturned soil was only about 138%.The alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased from 166.5 mg·kg^(-1)to 194.5 mg·kg^(-1),and there was a significant difference with the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content measured in 2021.It can be seen that the soil carbon sequestration capacity and fertility increase after straw returning,and the pH has been maintained at 7.92-8.23.Therefore,the rational use of mazie straw returning to the field can improve the soil tillage environment,reduce the salt accumulation in the soil,improve the soil fixation effect on organic carbon,and adjust the acid-base stability of the soil,which is of great significance for the sustainable development of soil productivity in Northeast China.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 地力指标 固碳能力 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S141.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]