宗藩之破:中日《天津条约》第一款朝鲜撤兵问题考述  

The Dissolution of the Suzerain-Vassal Relationship Between China and Korea:Research on Article One of Sino-Japanese Treaty of Tianjin Concerning the Withdrawal from Korea

作　　者：李育民[1] 匡艳 Li Yumin;Kuang Yan

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2022年第10期3-16,共14页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代中外条约关系通史”(14ZDB045)。

摘　　要：中日《天津条约》第一款撤兵条款从提出到形成经历了一个复杂的过程。甲申政变失败后,日本为将清军彻底撤出朝鲜,谋划和主导了中日撤兵交涉的全过程。日本先是采取了以退为进的撤兵策略,以双方共同从朝鲜撤兵为幌子,诱使清政府同意从朝鲜撤兵。而清政府正值中法战争,担心日法联手而两面受敌,同时希望借机让日本从朝鲜撤兵,以“转圆之计”的暂撤考量同意共同撤兵。天津撤兵谈判中,由于李鸿章受到伊藤博文避重就轻、软硬兼施等谈判策略的误导,以及倚恃作为宗主国的将来派兵权,在撤兵时间和范围上均做了妥协,且在没有限制日朝条约内日本在朝驻兵权的情况下,形成了尽快撤尽驻朝两国兵弃的撤兵条款。此条款基本按照伊藤要求形成,反映了日本侵略朝鲜的手段和东亚扩张思想,是李鸿章失策的妥协条款。The first article of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Tianjin had gone through a complicated process from its proposal to its formulation.After the failure of the Gapsin Coup,Japan planned and led the entire process of Sino-Japanese negotiations for the complete withdrawal of the Qing troops from Korea.In the first place,Japan adopted a strategy of"retreating for the sake of advancing"to induce the Qing government to agree on the withdrawal of troops from Korea under the guise of a joint withdrawal.At that time,the Qing government was preoccupied by the Sino-French War and it feared that,with Japan and France joining hands,it would be attacked on both sides.Meanwhile,the Qing government hoped to take the opportunity to let Japan withdraw its troops from Korea,and thus agreed on the joint withdrawal in consideration of the"stalling tactics".In the withdrawal negotiations of Tianjin,misled by Hirofumi Ito Bowen's evasive and"carrot and stick"negotiation strategies,and counting on the power of sending troops in the future as the suzerain country,Li Hongzhang made compromises on the time and scope of troop withdrawal,and agreed on the joint withdrawal clause without restricting Japan's garrison right in Korea in the Japan-Korea Treaty.This clause was formed basically in accordance with Hirofumi Ito Bowen's requirements,reflecting Japan's means of aggression against Korea and its thought of expansion in East Asia,and it was an inexpedient compromise clause made by Li Hongzhang.

关 键 词：中日《天津条约》 甲申政变 中日撤兵 李鸿章 伊藤博文 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学]