四种沉水植物对富营养化水体净化效果的比较  

Comparison of purification effect of four submerged plants on eutrophic water

作　　者：张航 陈嘉欣 蔡芳芳 ZHANG Hang;CHEN Jiaxin;CAI Fangfang(Hubei Water Resources and Hydropower Science and Technology Information Center,Hubei Water Resources Research Institute,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省水利水电科学研究院湖北省水利水电科技推广中心,武汉430072 [2]武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,武汉430023

出　　处：《武汉轻工大学学报》2024年第2期34-41,共8页Journal of Wuhan Polytechnic University

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(编号:32000166);湖北省水利重点科技项目(编号:2021-218-006-001).

摘　　要：为探索沉水植物在整个生命周期过程中对水体的污染控制情况,从水生态修复常用的苦草、轮叶黑藻、金鱼藻和穗状狐尾藻四种沉水植物着手,在实验室模拟自然条件下沉水植物在整个生命周期过程中对TN、TP和CODMn的净化效果,并对底泥微生物的群落结构进行分析,同时与野外生态围隔实验结果进行比对,进一步评价去污能力。结果表明,四种沉水植物均有一定能力去除水体中的TN、TP、CODMn,改善了水质,但相同的沉水植物在室内模拟条件下和野外环境中对水体的净化效果不同。各组沉水植物的底泥微生物均具有多样性和丰富度,变形菌门是最主要的微生物,与TN的去除相关。综合多个指标,发现金鱼藻在室内试验中表现较好,可作为中低度富营养化水体修复优先选用的物种,轮叶黑藻在野外围隔实验中表现较好,可作为中高度富营养化水体修复优先选用的物种。实验可为指导水生态设计提供参考。In order to explore the pollution control of submerged plants on water body in the whole life cycle process,four submerged plants,which are commonly used in water ecological restoration,such as Myriophyllum spicatum,Ceratophyllum demersum,Vallisneria spiralis and Hydrilla verticillata,were started,and the purification effects of natural submerged plants on TN,TP and CODMn in the whole life cycle process were simulated in the laboratory.The community structure of sediment microorganism was analyzed and compared with the results of field ecological enclosure experiment to further evaluate the decontamination ability.The results showed that all the four submerged plants had the ability to remove TN,TP and CODMn in the water,which improved the water quality.The same submerged plants had different purification effects on the water under indoor simulation conditions and in the field environment.The sediment microorganisms of submerged plants in each group had diversity and abundance,and Proteobacteria was the most important microorganism,which was related to the removal of TN.Based on multiple indicators,it was found that the performance of Ceratophyllum demersum was strong in the laboratory test and could be used as the preferred species for the restoration of medium and low eutrophication water bodies,and the performance of Hydrilla verticillata was strong in the field enclosure experiment and could be used as the preferred species for the restoration of medium and high eutrophication water bodies.The experiment can provide reference for guiding water ecological design.

关 键 词：沉水植物 净化率 TN TP CODMN 富营养化 生态围隔 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]