我国江河演变新格局与系统保护治理  

New pattern of river evolution and systematic protection and governance in China

作　　者：胡春宏[1] 张晓明[1] Hu Chunhong;Zhang Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第7期1-8,16,共9页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1300801)。

摘　　要：系统治理是我国新时期治水实践的根本遵循。近几十年来,受自然气候演变与强人类活动影响,我国江河“量-质-域-流-生”过程,特别是水沙通量及其过程发生了显著变化,导致河流水沙来源变化、河道冲淤转换、河床与河势形态演变、江湖关系变化及河口三角洲造陆减缓与蚀退等。我国江河演变呈现新的格局,给江河湖库防洪安全、生态安全和沿岸经济发展带来新的挑战。面对治水新形势,提出需从生态系统整体性和流域系统性出发,科学认知江河水沙情势变化规律与发展趋势,统筹确定流域适宜治理度与水沙调控临界阈值体系,系统推进流域“量-质-域-流-生”协同修复,优化布局水土流失治理格局,持续提升水沙调控及优化配置利用体系整体合力,保护河口生境系统,保障江河长久安澜,筑牢国家水安全防线。Systematic governance is the fundamental principle of water governance practice in China in the new era.In recent decades,influenced by changes of nature and climate and intensive human activities,the process of“quantity-quality-watershed-flow-ecology”has undergone significant changes,especially water and sediment fluxes and their processes,resulting in impact on sources of river and sediment,erosion and sediment deposition in river channels,evolution of riverbed and river regime morphology,changes in relationship between river and lake,slowing down of land formation in estuarine deltas and degradation.The evolution of river presents a new pattern,which poses new challenges to flood control safety,ecological safety and economic development in the coastal regions.Facing the new situation of water governance,it is proposed to get knowledge of changes and development trends of river and sediment,with consideration to integrity of ecosystem and systematicity of river basins,coordinate standards of defining critical threshold system for water and sediment regulation,promote coordinated restoration of“quantity-quality-watershed-flow-ecology”,optimize layout of erosion control,synergize water and sediment regulation,build an effective utilization system,protect habitats of estuary,ensure long-term stability of river,and create a foundation for water security in China.

关 键 词：水沙情势 江河演变 流域治理度 系统治理 泥沙资源化利用 

分 类 号：TV882.8[水利工程—水利水电工程]