担子菌类食用真菌双核体生物学性质研究进展及其启迪  

Research progress and insights of the biological properties of edible basidiomycete dikaryon

作　　者：鲍大鹏[1] BAO Dapeng(National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]国家食用菌工程技术研究中心、农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室、上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第4期11-26,共16页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32372789)。

摘　　要：担子菌类典型食用真菌,如香菇、灵芝、金针菇、糙皮侧耳、刺芹侧耳、黑木耳等,其生活史中的主要存在形式是双核体。双核体可以通过有性和无性两种方式生成单核体,可亲和的单核体之间通过质配形成具有锁状联合的双核体。目前对食用真菌单核体的研究结果拓展了对单核体和双核体生物学性质特性的认识。双核体细胞作为一种单倍双核存在形式,具有许多不同于二倍体的生物学特性,许多研究者对双核体的等级秩序、适配性、稳定性等生物学性质开展了一些研究,相关研究结果为菌种种性维持、杂交育种创新、遗传学研究范式建设等工作带来诸多启迪。对双核体在作为菌种中表现出的增量性、可育性、全能性等特性的分析,可以为解决食用真菌菌种种性长期维持稳定的问题带来启迪。双核体细胞核之间的显隐性关系以及互补关系对杂交育种创新可能具有重要的指导意义。核间等位基因在双核体细胞中存在不同的表达水平,为从双核体视角研究食用真菌的科学问题提供新思路。对食用真菌双核体的研究有可能形成更加具有学科特色的食用真菌研究范式。Typical edible mushrooms of the Basidiomycota,such as Lentinula edodes,Ganoderma lingzhi,Flammulina filiformis,Pleurotus ostreatus,Auricularia heimuer,etc.,exhibit a crucial form in their life cycle known as the dikaryon.The dikaryon can generate monokaryon through both sexual and asexual means,and the compatible monokaryons form dikaryon with the clamp connection through plasmogamy.Research on monokaryon of edible mushrooms has enriched the understanding of the biology of the monokaryon and the dikaryon.Existing as a haploid having two nuclei,the dikaryon possesses various biological traits distinct from diploids.Some studies have investigated the biological properties such as hierarchy,fitness,and stability of the dikaryon,offering insights for maintenance of strain characteristics,innovation of hybrid breeding,construction of genetic research paradigm.Analyzing biological characteristics of the dikaryon,such as reproductive ability,fertility,and totipotency,could provide insights into addressing the long-term stability issues in edible mushroom strains.The dominance-recessive relationship and complementary nature between nuclei in the dikaryon cells might hold significant guidance for innovative hybrid breeding.The presence of different expression levels of karyollele pairs in dikaryon cells offers a new perspective to explore scientific problems concerning edible mushroom.Research on the dikaryon could potentially form a more distinctive paradigm in edible mushroom studies.

关 键 词：双核体 单核体 等级秩序 适配性 稳定性 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]