气候变化和人类活动对环塔里木盆地植被覆盖度的影响  

Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Vegetation Coverage in Ring Tarim Basin

作　　者：张元梅 孙桂丽[1] 鲁艳[2] 李利[2] Zhang Yuanmei;Sun Guili;Lu Yan;Li Li(Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,P.R.China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第5期75-81,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目子课题(2021xjkk030401);兵团重点领域科技攻关项目(2023AB017-02)。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地生态系统脆弱,易受到人类活动的影响,植被对维持塔里木盆地生态系统稳定性具有极其重要的作用。以塔里木盆地边缘的绿洲区域、绿洲外围植被分布区及塔克拉玛干沙漠公路周围植被分布区作为研究区域,将植被覆盖度(FVC)作为反映植被变化的监测指标,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)、气温、降水、植被类型数据,采用像元二分模型、一元线性回归法、残差分析等方法,分析了植被覆盖度的时空变化,以及气候变化和人类活动对环塔里木盆地、各植被类型植被覆盖度的影响。结果表明:(1)2000—2022年环塔里盆地植被覆盖度每10年增长0.008,各植被类型的植被覆盖度均呈现上升趋势,空间上植被覆盖度呈现“北高南低”的分布格局。气候变化影响的大部分区域植被覆盖度基本不变,人类活动影响的植被覆盖度以改善为主;(2)植被覆盖度的变化主要由气候变化和人类活动共同主导,但人类活动的影响大于气候变化。气候变化和人类活动共同作用时,植被覆盖度改善和退化的面积占比分别为19.79%、49.55%;(3)在植被覆盖度改善区,人类活动的相对贡献率整体较高。在植被覆盖度退化区,气候变化对绿洲区域内植被的相对贡献率更高,在绿洲区域外人类活动的相对贡献率更高。The Tarim Basin ecosystem is fragile and vulnerable to human activities, with vegetation playing a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem. The oasis areas at the edge of the Tarim Basin, the vegetation distribution areas outside the oasis, and the vegetation distribution areas around the Taklimakan Desert highway were selected as study areas. Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FVC) was used as a monitoring indicator reflecting vegetation changes, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), temperature, precipitation, and vegetation type data were used. Pixel-based binary model, univariate linear regression, residual analysis, and other methods were employed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in FVC and the impacts of climate change and human activities on FVC in the Tarim Basin and various vegetation types. The results showed that: (1) From 2000 to 2022, FVC in the Tarim Basin increased fluctuatingly at a rate of 0.008 per decade, with FVC of all types showing an upward trend. Spatially, the FVC exhibited a “high in the north and low in the south” distribution pattern. Most areas affected by climate change showed no significant change in FVC, with human activities mainly contributing to improvement. (2) Changes in FVC are primarily influenced by both climate change and human activities, with human activities having a greater impact than climate change. When climate change and human activities interact, the proportion of areas experiencing improvement and degradation in FVC is 19.79% and 49.55%, respectively. (3) In the FVC improvement area, human activities have a relatively high contribution rate overall. In the FVC degradation area, climate change has a higher relative contribution rate to vegetation within oasis regions, while human activities have a higher relative contribution rate outside oasis regions.

关 键 词：环塔里木盆地 植被覆盖度 气候变化 人类活动 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]