固体浮力材料研究前沿  

Research frontier on solid buoyancy materials

作　　者：应黎坪 廖斌[2,3] 樊振宇 高阳 张敬杰[2,3] 魏宇杰[1,3,4] YING LiPing;LIAO Bin;FAN ZhenYu;GAO Yang;ZHANG JingJie;WEI YuJie(State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics(LNM),Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Future Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Engineering Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所,非线性力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院理化技术研究所,光化学转换与功能材料重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学未来技术学院,北京100049 [4]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2024年第4期59-81,共23页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委基础科学中心项目“非线性力学的多尺度问题研究”(编号:11988102);中国科学院青年创新促进会(编号:2023033)资助项目。

摘　　要：固体浮力材料是深海开发中普遍应用的一种功能材料,利用其密度小于海水的特点,实现往返式深潜器的无动力上浮和海底生产系统的浮力补偿与保温.随着海洋资源开发及科考向深海的挺进,装备作业模式向长时间坐底、连续往返方向发展,因此对固体浮力材料提出了更为苛刻的要求.低密度、抗高静水压的能力以及长时间深水服役环境下的可靠性是固体浮力材料的核心目标.文章以这三方面要素为牵引,分类阐述了两相、三相和混杂强化浮力材料的微结构与性能之间的关系.同时结合深远海探测装备长期服役的需求,从物理老化、吸水和降解等方面着重论述了浮力材料在不同环境中的耐久性研究.最后文章就浮力材料和构件设计中的问题和挑战以及固体浮力材料技术的未来发展提供了建议和讨论.Solid buoyancy materials are ubiquitous functional materials employed in deep-sea exploration and development.By capitalizing on their lower density compared to seawater,these materials facilitate the unpowered ascent of round-trip deep-sea submersibles and provide buoyancy compensation and thermal insulation for seabed production systems.As marine resource exploitation and scientific research ventures further into deeper seas,the operational modes of equipment are evolving toward enduring bottom placements and continuous round trips,thus presenting increasingly stringent demands for solid buoyancy materials.These materials should have the following basic characteristics:low density,resistance to high hydrostatic pressure,and reliable performance under long-term deep-sea conditions.Guided by these crucial factors,herein,the relationships between the microstructure and performance of two-phase,three-phase,and hybrid-reinforced buoyancy materials are categorized and elaborated.In addition,aligning with the long-term service requirements of deep-sea exploration equipment,durability studies of buoyancy materials under varying conditions are emphasized,particularly in terms of physical aging,water absorption,and degradation.Finally,suggestions and discussions regarding the design challenges of solid buoyancy materials and their components are presented,along with prospective developments in the technology for solid buoyancy materials.

关 键 词：浮力材料 复合泡沫 静水压 低密度 深海开发 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]