灌溉量与灌溉频率对番茄根系生长、产量和营养元素吸收的影响  

Effects of irrigation amount and frequency on root growth,yield and nutrient element absorption of tomato

作　　者：向凌潇 张俊威 李建明[1] XIANG Lingxiao;ZHANG Junwei;LI Jianming(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期80-92,123,共14页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重点项目(LMZD202202);陕西省技术创新引导专项(基金)(2021QFY08-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同灌溉量和灌溉频率以及二者交互作用对番茄根系生长发育和营养元素吸收的影响,探究二者调节番茄产量和水分利用效率的机制。【方法】试验在塑料大棚内进行,以金棚14-8番茄为试材,用20 cm标准蒸发皿累积蒸发量(AE)作为灌溉依据,设置低量(0.8AE)、中量(1.0AE)和高量(1.2AE)3种灌溉量,以蒸发皿累积蒸发量分别达到(10±2)mm时灌水(高频)和(20±2)mm时灌水(低频)2种灌溉频率,共6个处理。通过测定灌溉前后土壤体积含水量,番茄的根长、根表面积、根体积、根系活力,植株不同器官干鲜质量,产量及植物营养元素累积量等指标,综合分析各指标间的相关性以及番茄根系生长、产量、水分利用效率和营养元素吸收对灌溉量与灌溉频率的响应。【结果】灌溉量和灌溉频率对灌溉前后0~40 cm土层的土壤体积含水量、根系形态指标和根系活力均有显著影响,二者的交互作用对番茄果实膨大期的根长、根体积以及开花坐果期和果实膨大期的根系活力有显著影响。从开花坐果期到果实成熟期,番茄的根长、根表面积、根体积及G1根(根直径≤0.5 mm)、G2根(根直径>0.5 mm~≤2 mm)和G3根(根直径>2 mm)总长不断增加。在果实成熟期,高量高频处理的番茄根长(3522.16 cm)、根表面积(984.35 cm 2)、G1根总长(2458.53 cm)、G2根总长(1023.25 cm)最大,高量低频处理的番茄根体积(24.35 cm^(3))最大。从开花坐果期到果实成熟期,番茄根系活力不断降低,开花坐果期高量低频处理番茄的根系活力最强(根系活力为211.91 mg/(g·h)),果实成熟期不同处理的根系活力差异不显著。降低灌溉量可以提高番茄果实鲜质量占比,果实成熟期低量低频处理的番茄果实鲜质量占比最大(64.74%),但不同处理间果实干质量占比差异不显著,随着生育期推进,根、茎、叶的干鲜质量占比逐渐下降。增加灌溉量可以提高番茄植株【Objective】This study clarified the effects of different irrigation amounts and frequencies and their interaction on growth of tomato roots and absorption of nutrient elements and explored the mechanism of regulating tomato yield and water use efficiency.【Method】This experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse with Jinpeng 14-8 tomato using cumulative evaporation of 20 cm standard pan(AE)as basis.Three irrigation rates were low(0.8AE),medium(1.0AE)and high(1.2AE)and two irrigation frequencies of high and low were applied when the pan cumulative evaporation reached(10±2)mm and(20±2)mm,respectively.There were a total of 6 treatments.Soil volumetric water content,tomato root length,root surface area,root volume,root vitality,proportion of dry and fresh mass in different organs of plants,yield and plant nutrient element accumulation before and after irrigation were measured.The correlations among all indexes and the responses of tomato root growth,yield,water use efficiency and element absorption to irrigation amount and frequency were comprehensively analyzed.【Result】Irrigation amount and frequency had significant effects on soil volumetric water content of 0-40 cm,root morphological indexes and root activity,and their interaction had significant effects on root length and root volume in tomato fruit expansion stage and root activity in flowering and fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage.From flowering and fruiting stage to fruit maturity stage,root length,root surface area,root volume,total length of G1 root(root diameter≤0.5 mm),G2 root(root diameter>0.5 mm-≤2 mm)and G3 root(root diameter>2 mm)increased.At fruit maturity stage,root length(3522.16 cm),root surface area(984.35 cm 2),length of G1 root(2458.53 cm)and length of G2 root(1023.25 cm)of high amount and high frequency treatment were the largest,while root volume(24.35 cm^(3))of high amount and low frequency treatment was the largest.From flowering fruit-bearing stage to maturity,fruit tomato root vigor decreased with the highest ro

关 键 词：灌溉量 灌溉频率 番茄栽培 番茄产量 营养元素 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]