叶施外源钙对人参果植株生长及果实品质的影响  

Effect of spraying exogenous calcium on growth and fruit quality of Solanum muricatum

作　　者：王健 赵杏花 左合君 陈士超 姚雨薇 郭璐 WANG Jian;ZHAO Xinghua;ZUO Hejun;CHEN Shichao;YAO Yuwei;GUO Lu(College of Desertification Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosyste Conseruation and Restoration,State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]荒漠生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期93-101,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD007)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究叶施外源钙对人参果植株生长及果实品质形成的影响,探明人参果生长所需最佳外源钙浓度。【方法】以‘绿源1号’人参果为试材,在伸蔓期、开花坐果期、第一穗果膨大期及果实成熟期分别使用5,10,15和20 mmol/L的CaCl_(2)水溶液进行叶面喷施,并以喷施清水为对照(CK),测定人参果植株生长指标及产量、叶片光合色素含量、果实品质指标和矿质元素含量,研究喷施不同浓度CaCl_(2)对人参果植株生长及果实品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,在一定浓度范围(5~15 mmol/L)内随CaCl_(2)叶施浓度增加,其对人参果株高、基径、叶厚、叶片数量的促进作用逐渐增强,但超出适宜范围(>15 mmol/L)后,CaCl_(2)对植株生长的促进作用减弱。叶施15 mmol/L CaCl_(2)对人参果果实的增产效应最显著,单果质量、单株果数、单株产量较CK分别增加23.02%,157.14%和235.26%。人参果叶片光合色素含量随着CaCl_(2)施用浓度的增加而逐步提高,在20 mmol/L时光合色素提升效果最佳。在15 mmol/L CaCl_(2)处理下,果肉厚度(2.17 cm)和果实硬度(3.80 kg/cm 2)达到最佳,果实贮藏性能得到有效改善,且此浓度下果实品质显著提升,可溶性糖、Vc、可溶性蛋白和可溶性固形物含量较CK分别增加22.96%,24.64%,38.71%和86.28%;可滴定酸、脂肪含量随CaCl_(2)施用浓度的增加而降低,在20 mmol/L时降幅最大。果实中硒、钙、钠、镁含量随CaCl_(2)施用浓度的增加均相应提升,但当浓度超过15 mmol/L时促进作用减弱。【结论】合理施用CaCl_(2)对人参果植株生长及果实发育有积极作用,可以提高叶片光合色素含量、促进植株生长、提高产量,且果实硬度增加使其贮藏性能得到有效提升,果实品质及矿质元素含量均有改善。综合考虑各方面因素,生产中喷施15 mmol/L CaCl_(2)对人参果的生长发育最为有利。【Objective】This study investigated the effects of foliar application of exogenous calcium on growth of Solanum muricatum plants and fruit quality formation to obtain the optimal concentration of exo-genous calcium for S.muricatum.【Method】S.muricatum variety‘Green Source No.1’was selected for foliar spray application of CaCl_(2)aqueous solutions at concentrations of 5,10,15 and 20 mmol/L during the vine extension,flowering and fruit setting,first fruit expansion and fruit ripening stages,respectively.The clear water spraying treatment was used as the control(CK).The growth index and yield of S.muricatum plants,leaf photosynthetic pigment content,fruit quality index and mineral element contents were determined to study the effects of CaCl_(2)at different concentrations.【Result】Compared with CK,the promotion effects of CaCl_(2)on plant height,stem diameter,leaf thickness and leaf number of S.muricatum gradually increased with the increase of CaCl_(2)concentration in the range of 5-15 mmol/L,while the effects were weakened beyond the appropriate range(>15 mmol/L).Compared to CK,foliar application of 15 mmol/L CaCl_(2)had the most significant yield increasing effect on S.muricatum,with 23.02%,157.14%and 235.26%increases in fruit quality,number of fruits per plant and yield per plant,respectively.The photosynthetic pigment content of S.muricatum leaves gradually increased with the increase of CaCl_(2)concentration,with the largest enhancement at 20 mmol/L.At the concertation of 15 mmol/L,flesh thickness(2.17 cm)and fruit hardness(3.80 kg/cm 2)reached the best,and fruit storage performance and fruit quality were effectively improved.The contents of soluble sugar,Vc,soluble protein and soluble solids were increased by 22.96%,24.64%,38.71%and 86.28%,respectively.The contents of titratable acid and fat decreased with the increase of CaCl_(2)concentration,with the greatest decrease at 20 mmol/L.The contents of selenium,calcium,sodium and magnesium in fruits increased with the increase of CaCl_(2)concentratio

关 键 词：人参果 外源钙 叶面施肥 植株生长发育 光合色素 果实品质 

分 类 号：S668.906.2[农业科学—果树学]