砾石覆盖下的农田土壤环境效应:研究进展与展望  

Soil environmental effects of gravel-sand mulched field:research grogress and prospects

作　　者：李王成[1,2,3,4] 马东祥 贾振江 高素素 栾文杰 张一帆 陈继虹 宿起坤 LI Wangcheng;MA Dongxiang;JIA Zhenjiang;GAO Susu;LUAN Wenjie;ZHANG Yifan;CHEN Jihong;SU Qikun(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Water Governance of the Yellow River in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]省部共建西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏回族自治区黄河水联网数字治水重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2024年第2期278-288,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52169010);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2021AAC02008);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：砾石覆盖是旱区特有的一种保护性耕作模式。长期的农业生产实践已经证明,地表覆砂能够很好地适应旱区严酷、恶劣的自然环境,并为当地农业发展和效益提升带来极大助力。然而,砾石覆盖农田退化所带来的一系列负面效应愈加凸显,成为当地农业发展的障碍因子。文章以砾石覆盖的土壤环境效应为脉络,归纳总结了砾石覆盖对土壤水热环境、土壤盐分、土壤有机质、土壤微生物和酶活性,以及水土保持等方面的影响效应和相关机制。同时,进一步指明旱区砂田当前所面临的问题与挑战,并提出该领域未来可持续深化和拓展的方向,主要包括:(1)砾石覆盖农田退化过程中土壤环境的综合演变机制;(2)“砾石-土壤-作物”系统间的协同作用机制;(3)应对砂田退化的农业修复模式及可持续发展路径;(4)砾石覆盖对局部区域气候的影响机制。Gravel-sand mulching is a unique conservation tillage mode in arid areas.It has been proved that surface gravel-sand mulching could adapt well to the harsh natural environment,and bring much assistance to local agricultural development and efficiency.However,a series of negative effects were brought by the degradation of gravel-sand mulched field,which had become an obstacle to the development of local agriculture.Therefore,this research summarized the effects and related mechanisms of gravel-sand mulching on soil hydrothermal environment,soil salinity,soil organic matter,soil microorganisms and enzyme activities,as well as soil water conservation.The problems and challenges faced by gravel-sand mulched field were identified,and the directions for further development were proposed,which include(1)the comprehensive evolution mechanism of soil environment in the degradation process of gravel-sand mulched field;(2)the synergistic mechanism of gravel-soil-crop system;(3)the agricultural restoration models and sustainable development paths of degenerated gravel-sand mulched field;(4)the impact mechanism of gravel-sand mulching on local regional climate.

关 键 词：砾石覆盖 土壤环境 旱区 农业发展 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]