污染控制行政法律关系结构的变迁:从二元对立到三元互动  

Changes in the Structure of Administrative Legal Relationship for Pollution Control:From Binary Opposition to Ternary Interaction

作　　者：王社坤 杨佳锐 WANG She-kun;YANG Jia-rui(School of Law,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学法学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期124-134,共11页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“第三方环境服务的法律规制研究”(22BFX204)。

摘　　要：以“谁污染、谁治理”原则为指导,我国将排污单位确立为行政相对人,构建了由环境行政机关和排污单位构成的二元对立的污染控制行政法律关系结构。在第三方环境服务兴起的背景下,应当确立第三方环境服务机构的行政相对人地位,实现污染控制行政法律关系结构从二元对立到三元互动的变迁。基于第三方环境服务机构的双重身份,复合型污染者监管和环境服务监管构成了三元互动污染控制行政法律关系的核心内容。污染者监管与环境服务监管在监管目标、监管方式及强度上均存在差别,需要借助环境法典编纂的契机,为污染控制行政法律关系的三元构造提供充分的立法保障。Guided by the principle of"who pollutes,who governs",the pollutant discharge unit is considered as the administrative counterpart,and the binary opposition administrative legal relationship structure of pollution control has been constructed between environmental administration and pollutant discharge units.Under the background of the rise of the environmental services by the third party,it is necessary to establish the status of the third party in environmental services as the administrative counterpart,so as to realize the transformation of the administrative legal relationship structure of pollution control from binary opposition to ternary interaction.Based on the dual identity of the third party in environmental service,the complex polluter supervision and environmental service supervision constitute the core content of the ternary interactive pollution control administrative legal relationship.There are differences between polluter supervision and environmental service supervision in terms of control objectives,control methods and intensity.It is necessary to take the opportunity of environmental code compilation to provide sufficient legislative safeguards for the ternary structure of administrative legal relationship of pollution control.

关 键 词：污染控制 行政法律关系 排污单位 第三方环境服务 二元对立 三元互动 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]