砒砂岩区生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展关键技术与模式  

Key Technologies and Models for Ecological Governance and Ecological Derivative Industry Collaborative Development in Pisha Sandstone Area

作　　者：姚文艺[1,2] 王文彪 申震洲 姚京威[1,2] 杨才千 YAO Wenyi;WANG Wenbiao;SHEN Zhenzhou;YAO Jingwei;YANG Caiqian(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on Loess Plateau,Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Yili Resources Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020,China;Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄土高原水土保持重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]亿利资源集团有限公司,北京100020 [4]东南大学,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第5期1-10,共10页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504500,2022YFF1300805)。

摘　　要：探索生态治理与生态衍生产业协同发展的关键技术与途径,是促进水土保持生态治理高质量发展的重要课题。为此,以生态治理难度极大的黄河流域砒砂岩区为研究对象,基于生态经济学、生态产业技术的理论与方法,提出了生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的基本原理和应遵循的原则,探索了生态治理与生态衍生产业协同发展的关键技术与模式,并开展了示范应用。1)生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的原理是行为互驱动、效应互补偿,应遵循的原则是“双律适应、适地适生、三方意愿”;2)鉴于砒砂岩覆土区、覆沙区、裸露区生态环境有明显差异,分别构建了小流域生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的综合治理措施体系和模式,以坡顶、坡面和沟道为水土保持措施配置的3个地貌单元,选择兼具水土保持功能和饲用、药用、食用等经济开发价值的作物进行生物措施配置,配合注浆固结、抗蚀促生、砒砂岩改性等新的工程技术措施进行生态治理;3)研发了物理-化学-生物综合改良砒砂岩土壤、砒砂岩复配风沙土+生物改良提质、灌草优化平茬及饲料加工、煤矸石改性资源化利用、高陡边坡抗蚀+控渗+植生固稳、生态果园建植等关键技术;4)基于砒砂岩覆沙区“土壤改良固沙+”(如土壤改良固沙+经济林种植、土壤改良固沙+梭梭草套种甘草等)生态治理模式的实践与示范,探索实施了“政府支持,科技支撑,企业产业化+公益性投资,农牧民市场化参与”的多元投资、多方参与、共同受益运行机制与模式。通过灌草平茬饲料加工、土壤改良、经济作物种植等产业化中试,以及矿区回填区生态恢复、小流域生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展示范性实践,表明脆弱生态区治理中发展生态衍生产业具有广阔的前景。In order to promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation and ecological governance,it is an important issue to explore the key technologies and ways of the collaborative development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries.Therefore,based on the theories and methods of ecological economics and ecological industry technology,the key technologies and models of the collaborative development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area were explored,and the application demonstration was carried out.a)The principle of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries was that behaviors were driven by each other and effects were compensated each other,and the principle that should be followed was“double law adaptation,suitable place and livelihood,and tripartite willingness”.b)The research and development of key technologies and measures for the coordinated development of ecological governance and eco-derived economy in small watershed of Pisha sandstone covered soil,covered sand and exposed areas.c)The key technologies of physical-chemical-biological integrated improvement of PSA sandstone soil,PSA sandstone combined with aeolian sand soil+biological improvement,optimal stubble leveling of shrub grass,utilization of coal gangue modified resources,corrosion resistance,seepage control,planting stabilization of high steep slope,and planting model of cash crops were proposed.d)Through the practice of“soil improvement and sand fixation+”in the sand-covered area,such as economic forest fruit planting,saxylon interplanting licorice and other ecological governance models,the“multi-investment,multi-participation and common benefit”mechanism and operation mode of“government support,scientific and technological support,enterprise industrialization+public welfare investment,and market participation of farmers and herdsmen”were explored.Through the pilot industrialization of grain and grass p

关 键 词：水土保持 生态治理 衍生产业 生态经济 协同发展 砒砂岩区 黄河流域 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] TV882.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]