基于GIS技术的山地小城镇雨洪灾害风险评估  

Risk Assessment of Rain-Induced Flood in Small Mountain Towns Based on GIS Technology

作　　者：栾春凤[1] 时兆慧 赵人镜 崔逸文 LUAN Chunfeng;SHI Zhaohui;ZHAO Renjing;CUI Yiwen(School of Architecture,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Victoria University of Wellington,Wellington 6037,New Zealand)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学建筑学院,河南郑州450002 [2]新西兰维多利亚大学惠灵顿校区,新西兰惠灵顿6037

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第5期56-62,67,共8页Yellow River

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(242102320309,242102320240);2023年河南兴文化工程文化研究专项(2023XWH269);2023年郑州大学研究生课程思政示范课程项目;2023年度河南省本科高校研究性教学改革研究与实践项目。

摘　　要：在快速城镇化和工业化背景下,城市的自然灾害风险日益暴露,尤其是雨洪灾害问题日益突出。针对巩义市近年来不断发生的洪涝灾害,基于自然灾害风险评估理论,构建以致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境孕险性、承灾体易损性、防灾减灾能力为评价因子的雨洪灾害风险模型,共选取14个指标进行定量分析,运用SCS模型和GIS空间分析功能,最终得出巩义市雨洪灾害综合风险区划图。结果表明:巩义市米河镇、回郭镇、芝田镇、孝义街道等地区致灾因子危险性较大;北部、西部和东部包括河洛镇、孝义街道、回郭镇、芝田镇、米河镇等孕灾环境孕险性较高;西部和中部承灾体易损性较大,包括回郭镇、芝田镇、站街镇等;北部整体防灾减灾能力较强,包括站街镇、紫荆路街道等地区。综合来说,巩义市雨洪灾害总体风险等级较高,高风险区主要分布在中部偏北和西部,呈带状分布。Under the rapid urbanization and industrialization,the risk of natural disasters in cities is increasingly exposed,especially the issue of rain-induced flood has become increasingly prominent.In view of the rain-induced flood that has occurred in Gongyi City in recent years,a study on the risk of rain-induced flood in Gongyi City has been carried out in order to provide a scientific basis for the city's disaster prevention and mitigation work.Based on the natural disaster risk assessment theory,this paper built a rain-induced flood risk model with the risk of disaster factors,the risk of disaster-pregnant environment,the vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies and the ability to prevent and reduce disasters as evaluation indicators.Starting from the above,a total of 14 index factors were selected for quantitative analysis,and the SCS model(Soil Conservation Service)and GIS spatial analysis functions were used to finally obtain the comprehensive risk zoning map of rain and flood disasters in Gongyi City.The results show that Mihe Town,Huiguo Town,Zhitian Town and Xiaoyi Sub-District of Gongyi City are more dangerous.The risk of pregnancy in disaster environment in the north,west and east areas include Heluo Town,Xiaoyi Sub-District,Huiguo Town,Zhitian Town and Mihe Town is higher.The disaster-bearing bodies in the western and central parts are more vulnerable,including Huiguo Town,Zhitian Town and Zhanjie Town.The overall disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of the north is strong,including Zhanjie Town and Zijing Sub-District.In general,the overall risk level of rain-induced flood in Gongyi City is relatively higher,and the high-risk areas are mainly distributed in a belt-like structure in the north-central and western regions.

关 键 词：雨洪灾害 风险评估 GIS SCS模型 山地小城镇 巩义市 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]