减施氮肥对棉花叶片光合特性、氮素含量及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen content,and yield of cotton

作　　者：秦宇坤 陈俊英 江洪 张丽娟 QIN Yukun;CHEN Junying;JIANG Hong;ZHANG Lijuan(Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plantation and High Valued Utilization of Specialty Fruit Tree and Tea,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 332105,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省经济作物研究所/特色果树茶叶种植与高值利用江西省重点实验室,江西九江332105

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2024年第1期15-22,共8页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目“棉油两熟制构建及其轻简高效栽培技术研究”(20192BBFL60005);江西省财政专项资金农业生态环境保护项目“氮磷流失监测”(09162110402229)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究不同减氮措施对棉花叶片光合特性、氮素含量及产量的影响,为长江流域棉区减氮增效提供依据。[方法]采用随机区组设计,以‘赣棉杂1号’为试材,共设置4个处理:不施氮处理(N_(0)),常规施氮处理(N_(1),施氮量345 kg·hm^(-2)),减氮20%处理(N_(2),施氮量276 kg·hm^(-2)),减氮并配施有机肥处理(N_(3),施氮量276 kg·hm^(-2),其中10%氮以有机肥形式配施)。分别调查不同施氮处理下棉花农艺性状及叶片光合参数、SPAD值、含氮量,并测量其产量与纤维品质。[结果]N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3)处理可显著提高棉株株高、茎粗、果枝台数、单株总铃数,其中N_(3)处理对棉株生长的促进效果优于N_(1)、N_(2)处理。现蕾期,N_(2)、N_(3)处理功能叶净光合速率(P_(n))分别比N_(0)处理显著提高16.12%、17.49%,胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))分别比N_(0)处理显著提高33.49%、35.42%;花铃期,N_(2)、N_(3)处理P_(n)分别比N_(0)处理显著提高28.27%、34.74%。N_(2)、N_(3)处理棉花功能叶SPAD值、含氮量、光合参数及籽棉产量、纤维品质与N_(1)处理差异均不显著。[结论]在减氮20%基础上配施有机肥处理(尿素折合纯氮248.4 kg·hm^(-2),有机肥折合纯氮27.6 kg·hm^(-2))既能减少化肥投入,又能保证较高的棉花产量,是适宜长江流域赣北棉区的施氮措施。[Purpose]This study was conducted to explore the effects of different nitrogen reduction measures on the photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen content,and yield of cotton;providing a basis for nitrogen reduction and efficiency enhancement in the cotton region of the Yangtze River Basin.[Method]Using a random block design and‘Ganmianza 1’as the test material,a total of four treatments were set up:no nitrogen application treatment(N_(0)),conventional nitrogen application treatment(N_(1),nitrogen application rate of 345 kg·hm^(-2)),nitrogen reduction treatment of 20%(N_(2),nitrogen application rate of 276 kg·hm^(-2)),and nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer application treatment(N_(3),nitrogen application rate of 276 kg·hm^(-2),of which 10%nitrogen was applied in the form of organic fertilizer).The agronomic traits and leaf photosynthetic parameters,SPAD value,nitrogen content,yield,and fiber quality of cotton were assessed under different nitrogen application treatments.[Result]N_(1),N_(2),and N_(3) treatments significantly improved cotton plant height,stem diameter,number of fruit branches,and total number of bolls per plant.Among them,N_(3) treatment showed a better promoting effect on cotton plant growth than N_(1) and N_(2) treatments.During the budding stage,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of functional leaves treated with N_(2) and N_(3) significantly increased by 16.12%and 17.49%,and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C_(i))significantly increased by 33.49%and 35.42%,respectively,compared to those of the N_(0) treatment.During the flowering stage,N_(2) and N_(3) treatments significantly increased P_(n) by 28.27%and 34.74%,respectively,compared to N_(0).No significant differences were observed in SPAD value,nitrogen content,photosynthetic parameters,seed cotton yield,and fiber quality between N_(2) and N_(3) treatment functional leaves and that of N_(1) treatment.[Conclusion]On the basis of reducing nitrogen by 20%,applying organic fertilizer(urea equivalent to pure nitrogen 248.4 kg·

关 键 词：棉花 减氮 光合特性 氮素 产量 

分 类 号：S562.04[农业科学—作物学]