骨细胞的力学感受器  

Mechanosensors in Osteocytes

作　　者：刘艳伟 宫赫[2] 王新宇 杨启帆 刘舜 朱东[1] LIU Yanwei;GONG He;WANG Xinyu;YANG Qifan;LIU Shun;ZHU Dong(Department of Orthopedics,the First Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学第一医院创伤骨科,长春130012 [2]北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2024年第2期207-213,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12072129)。

摘　　要：骨细胞是骨骼中最丰富和寿命最长的细胞,是骨重建的调节器。骨细胞在内分泌调节和钙磷酸盐代谢中发挥重要作用,也是力学刺激的主要响应者,感知力学刺激以直接或间接的方式对刺激做出反应。骨细胞中的力学转导是一个复杂而精细的调节过程,涉及细胞与其周围环境、相邻细胞以及细胞内部不同功能的力学感受器之间的相互作用。目前已知的骨细胞主要力学感受器包括初级纤毛、Piezo离子通道、整合素、细胞外基质以及基于连接蛋白的细胞间连接。这些力学感受器在骨细胞中发挥着至关重要的作用,它们能够感知并转导力学信号,进而调节骨稳态。本文对5种力学感受器进行系统的介绍,以期为理解骨细胞如何响应力学刺激和维持骨组织稳态提供新的视角和认识。Osteocytes are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone,serving as primary regulators of bone remodeling.Besides playing critical roles in endocrine regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism,osteocytes are primary responders to mechanical stimuli,perceiving and responding to these stimuli directly and indirectly.The process of mechanotransduction in osteocytes is a complex and finely tuned regulation involving interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment,neighboring cells,and various mechanosensors within the cells with distinct functions.The known major mechanosensors in osteocytes include primary cilia,Piezo ion channels,integrins,extracellular matrix,and connexin-based intercellular junctions.These mechanosensors play crucial roles in osteocytes,perceiving and transducing mechanical signals to regulate bone homeostasis.This review aims to provide a systematic introduction to these five mechanosensors,offering new perspectives and insights into understanding how osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli and maintain bone tissue homeostasis.

关 键 词：骨细胞 力学刺激 力学感受器 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]