增温影响中华蟾蜍蝌蚪表型可塑性的生理代价  

Effects of increased temperatures on phenotypic plasticity and consequential physiological costs in the tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans

作　　者：张志强[1] 彭秀娟 裴鑫怡 王萍 李文慧 高歌 李龙萱 伍亮 ZHANG Zhiqiang;PENG Xiujuan;PEI Xinyi;WANG Ping;LI Wenhui;GAO Ge;LI Longxuan;WU Liang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第8期3329-3336,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：安徽农业大学2021年度省级线下课程项目(2021xxkc039);安徽农业大学2022年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目创新训练项目(202210364027)。

摘　　要：为探究增温促进变态发育的生理学代价,测定了23、25、27、29℃条件下中华蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)从37期蝌蚪发育至46期幼蟾,其变态时长、身体和内脏器官大小、应激水平及免疫功能的变化。结果表明:(1)随温度升高,变态时长缩短,存活率下降,个体变小;内脏器官中,胃湿重和长度系数均在25℃组最高,27℃组最低;小肠湿重系数25℃组最高,29℃组最低,小肠长度系数无显著性差异。(2)嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的百分比及两者的比值的组间差异均不显著;嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比25℃组显著高于其他各温度组,嗜碱性粒细胞和单核细胞的百分比分别在23℃组和27℃组最高,均在25℃组最低。(3)对植物血凝素(PHA⁃P)的反应均在注射后5 h达到最大反应值,29℃组显著高于其他温度组。适度增温有利于幼蟾胃和小肠发育,促进嗜酸性粒细胞增殖,抑制嗜碱性粒细胞和单核细胞增殖;高温刺激PHA⁃P反应强度增加,存活率下降,但对应激反应能力无影响,为快速适应陆地环境而被短暂激活的免疫能力可能不利于其未来存活。Amphibians are currently considered to be one of the most endangered vertebrate groups,and facing climate change and other various threats,which can affect their physiology and overall health.Temperature⁃dependent immunity may be particularly important to amphibian larvae survival,especially in temperate regions.However,due to the difficulty of obtaining appropriate immunological parameters in amphibian larvae,the experimental data are still scarce whether there are physiological trade⁃off relationships between immune function and other physiological activities in the context of increased temperatures at some specific life history stage during metamorphosis.To explore the physiological costs of accelerated metamorphosis and development process caused by arising temperatures,the variations of metamorphosis duration from Gonser stage 37 tadpoles to Gonser stage 46 toadlets of Bufo gargarizans were counted,the body and internal organ size,stress level,and immune function were measured at metamorphosis completion period from 23℃,25℃,27℃or 29℃water temperature groups,respectively.The results showed that:(1)With increased water temperatures,the metamorphosis duration was significantly shortened,the survival probability was sharply declined,and body size was significantly shrunk.In internal organs,both wet mass and length indexes of stomach peaked at 25℃group,and showed the minimum at 27℃group.The wet mass index of small intestine peaked at 25℃group,and the lowest at 29℃group,but not for its length index.(2)The percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes,as well as ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes did not show obvious differences among different water temperature groups.The percentage of eosinophils was greatly higher at 27℃group than that of any other water temperature group,the percentage of basophils and monocytes peaked at 23℃and 27℃group,respectively,and showed the minimum at 25℃group.(3)Responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin⁃P(PHA⁃P)peaked at 5 h after injection for all water tempera

关 键 词：蝌蚪 水温 变态时长 植物血凝素 应激 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]