川西亚高山森林不同恢复途径物种组成和群落结构动态变化  

Community composition and structure under different restoration pathways in subalpine forest,Sichuan Province,China

作　　者：李婧怡 陈晓霞 李梦玮 张楠楠[1,3] 周志琼[1,3] 李晓明[1,3] 丁建林 何其华 石福孙[1,3] LI Jingyi;CHEN Xiaoxia;LI Mengwei;ZHANG Nannan;ZHOU Zhiqiong;LI Xiaoming;DING Jianlin;HE Qihua;SHI Fusun(Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Maoxian Mountain Ecosystem Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Maoxian 623200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院茂县山地生态系统定位研究站,茂县623200

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第8期3471-3482,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2021YFN0116)。

摘　　要：川西亚高山森林作为西南林区主体,是长江上游的生态屏障,该区域植被恢复方式主要为人工恢复和自然恢复,比较不同恢复方式下森林的物种组成和群落结构动态变化,对于川西亚高山森林恢复与重建有重要的意义,可以为制定合理的森林管理策略提供科学依据。基于茂县山地生态系统定位研究站不同恢复模式形成的的华山松人工林、油松人工林和自然恢复的次生林野外调查数据,分析了2005—2020年乔、灌、草三个层次的群落结构特征和多样性。结果表明:(1)不同恢复途径下,乔木层物种数都呈现增加趋势,华山松人工林、油松人工林、自然恢复的次生林乔木层物种数分别增加了11种、7种、8种;(2)华山松人工林中华山松重要值从48.06%降低到31.1%,乡土阔叶树种四川蜡瓣花进入乔木层,2020年重要值增大至21.62%,油松人工林中油松重要值逐渐降低,从43.59%降至29.76%;自然恢复的次生林中,乡土树种锐齿槲栎逐渐成为第一优势种,2020年重要值增至19.9%。(3)华山松人工林、油松人工林和自然恢复的次生林中,温带区系成分分别占总属数的71.43%,80.77%和84%,温带区系特征明显。(4)华山松人工林和油松人工林乔木层径级结构均为偏正态分布;而自然恢复的次生林径级分布呈倒“J”形,以小径级个体为主。(5)不同林型的乔木层高度在15年间呈现增加的趋势,具体表现为油松人工林>华山松人工林>自然恢复的次生林。(6)乔木层Shannon⁃wiener指数和Simpson指数均表现为自然恢复的次生林显著大于两个人工林,丰富度指数和均匀度指数表现为油松人工林最大;灌木层4个多样性指数均表现为油松人工林最大;草本层的丰富度指数、Shannon⁃wiener指数和Simpson指数均表现为油松人工林较大,均匀度指数没有显著差异。结论:人工林恢复速度大于自然恢复的次生林,但自然恢复的次生林更新能力更�Western Sichuan′s subalpine forests serve as the ecological barrier for the upper Yangtze River.Vegetation restoration in this region mainly involves artificial and natural methods.Analyzing the dynamic changes in species composition and community structure under different restoration modes is crucial for restoring and reconstructing western Sichuan′s alpine forests and forming a sound forest management strategy.Using field survey data from the Mountain Ecosystem Positioning Research Station in Maoxian country,this study analyzed the community structure and diversity in Pinus armandii plantation forest,Pinus tabuliformis plantation forest and naturally restored secondary forest from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:(1)The number of species in the arbor layer increased under different restoration pathways,with increases of 11,7,and 8 species in the arbor layer of Pinus armandii artificial forest,Pinus tabuliformis artificial forest,and naturally restored secondary forest,respectively.(2)In the Pinus armandii artificial forest,the important value of Pinus armandii decreased from 48.06%to 31.1%,replaced by the native broadleaf species Corylopsis willmottiae,which increased to 21.62%in 2020.The important value of Pinus tabuliformis in the Pinus tabuliformis artificial forest gradually decreased from 43.59%to 29.76%.In the naturally restored secondary forests,the native species Quercus aliena gradually became the dominant species,with an important value of 19.9%in 2020.(3)In Pinus armandii artificial forest,Pinus tabuliformis artificial forest,and naturally restored secondary forest,the temperate zone components accounted for 71.43%,80.77%,and 84%of the total genera,respectively,exhibiting clear temperate zone characteristics.(4)The arbor level structure in Pinus armandii artificial forest and Pinus tabuliformis artificial forest exhibited a skewed normal distribution,whereas naturally restored secondary forests displayed an inverted J⁃shaped distribution with a predominance of small⁃diameter individuals.(

关 键 词：群落演替 物种组成 群落结构 恢复模式 亚高山森林 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]