南水北调中线冬季冰情变化特征及输水能力提升策略研究  

Wintertime characteristic variability of ice distribution and water transfer efficiency improvement in Central Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Chi

作　　者：郭新蕾[1] 潘佳佳 苑希民[2] 王军 罗秋实 苏霞 GUO Xinlei;PAN Jiajia;YUAN Ximin;WANG Jun;LUO Qiushi;SU Xia(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;Yellow River Engineering Consulting Corporation Limited,Zhengzhou 450003,China;China South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Corporation Limited,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]天津大学,天津300072 [3]合肥工业大学,安徽合肥230009 [4]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [5]中国南水北调集团中线有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2024年第4期389-402,共14页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202500);国家自然科学基金项目(U2243221,U2243239,52009144,51979291);中国水科院科研专项(HY0145B032021)。

摘　　要：南水北调中线工程冰期输水能力受限已成为制约工程安全运行和社会效益发挥的巨大障碍。认识和辨析通水以来中线干渠冬季水温冰情演变规律及影响机理,是中线干渠冬季输水能力提升亟需解决的关键问题。本文基于2011—2023年中线干渠连续12个冬季的气象、水力、冰情等原型观测资料,分析了中线干渠水温冰情时空分布本底和特征规律,明晰了影响中线干渠冰凌生消的关键因素,针对性提出了冬季输水能力提升的相关应对策略。分析表明:通水以来冰情发生的范围和时间相比理论预想偏小、偏短,冰凌影响区为七里河倒虹吸至北拒马河暗渠段,冰塞风险区为滹沱河倒虹吸至北拒马河暗渠段,多年平均冰厚15 cm,历史极端冰塞厚2.9 m,冰凌壅水最高值0.73 m;干渠冬季水温由南向北递减,依次出现岸冰、流冰和冰盖,日均气温转负后相应的断面平均测量水温在2.5、1.0和0.25℃左右,且沿程水温下降速率与流量和气温呈负相关,即增大输水流量可减缓水温下降速度;影响冰凌生消的关键因素是气温、流量、太阳辐射和风速,典型年如2016年的严重冰情与1月低累计负积温、大输水流量和短时寒潮叠加有关,漕河等渡槽失温快产冰量大与风速密切相关。基于上述分析,未来可考虑结合气象、水情、冰情实时监测和智能预警预报,建立水温-水量-水力协同调控和动态调度技术体系,重点从缩短冰期输水时长、降低冰情影响范围、优化关键控制指标和挖潜渠道防冰塞性能等多方面全面提升南水北调中线工程冬季输水能力。The efficiency and safety management of the Central Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(CRSNWD)during winter are significantly impacted by ice.To improve its performance,it is crucial to gain a better understanding of water temperature and ice distribution within the system.This paper compiles 11 winters’field observations,including meteorological data,hydraulic characteristics,and ice distributions from 2011 to 2022.The study aims to illustrate the spatial and temporal variability of water temperature and ice distribution,understand the driving factors behind ice propagation in the system,and propose ice-prevention plans for wintertime water transfer.The results of field observations reveal that the ice-affected region is smaller and has a shorter duration than anticipated.The area within the CRSNWD affected by ice lies between the Qilihe siphon and Beijumahe culverts,while the ice jam-affected region is situated between the Hutuohe siphon and Beijumahe culverts.The average ice thickness over multiple years is 15 cm,with an extreme value of 2.9 m,and the historical water level rise due to ice jams is 0.73 m.Water temperature during winter decreases from south to north in the CRSNWD,exhibiting a negative correlation with flow discharge and air temperature.The critical cross-sectional average water temperatures for border ice,ice floes,and ice cover are 3.5℃,1.5℃and 0.25℃,respectively.The study identified air temperature,water diversion discharge,solar radiation,and wind speed as the most dominant factors influencing ice processes in the system.Severe ice jams that occurred in January 2016 resulted from a combination of lower accumulated freezing degree days,larger flow discharge,and a short-term cold wave.A high wind speed in the Caohe duct causes a rapid decrease in water temperature and significant ice formation.Based on these findings,the study proposes shortening operation periods,reducing ice-affected regions,optimizing hydraulic control parameters,and developing ice-prevention techni

关 键 词：水温冰情 时空分布 南水北调中线 冬季防凌 输水能力 

分 类 号：TV91[水利工程—水利水电工程]