琼西北3种林分类型枯落物与土壤的持水能力  

Water-holding capacity of litter and soil in three types of forest in northwest Hainan,China

作　　者：陈夙怡 黄艳萍 严美 韩宇杰 王康 涂志华 CHEN Suyi;HUANG Yanping;YAN Mei;HAN Yujie;WANG Kang;TU Zhihua(School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Engineering Research Center of Rare and Precious Tree Species in Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南省热带珍稀名贵树种工程研究中心,海南海口570228

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2024年第3期233-241,共9页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目“海南典型水土流失区植被恢复措施林分结构与水土保持功能耦合机制研究”(420RC532);国家自然科学基金项目“砖红壤侵蚀区植被恢复演替过程中根际激发效应及微生物驱动机制”(42267048)。

摘　　要：为探讨琼西北典型水土流失区蚂蝗岭流域不同林分类型枯落物和土壤水文效应,采用浸泡法、环刀法对桉树人工林、橡胶树人工林、马占相思人工林3种不同林分类型枯落物和土壤水文功能进行定量分析,采用熵权法(EWM)综合评价水源涵养能力。结果表明:3种林分类型枯落物储量为3.01~14.66 t·hm^(-2),表现出马占相思人工林>橡胶树人工林>桉树人工林,均以半分解层为主,占比为75.09%~81.86%;最大持水量为8.60~33.95 t·hm^(-2),有效拦蓄量为6.92~26.73 t·hm^(-2),均为马占相思人工林>桉树人工林>橡胶树人工林。枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈对数函数关系(R^(2)>0.940);枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈幂函数关系(R^(2)>0.880)。3种林分类型土壤容重为1.45~1.52 g·cm^(-3),总孔隙度为32.82%~37.56%,有效持水量为61.80~77.16 t·hm^(-2),土壤持水能力排序为马占相思人工林>桉树人工林>橡胶树人工林。土壤初渗速率为24.74~29.67 mm·min^(-1),其中,马占相思人工林最高;土壤稳渗速率为1.01~1.38 mm·min^(-1),土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈幂函数关系(R^(2)>0.920)。3种林分类型水源涵养能力综合排序为马占相思人工林(81.0987)>桉树人工林(69.7416)>橡胶树人工林(67.1514),土壤入渗性能和枯落物储量是影响该区域水源涵养能力的主导因素。综合3种林分类型枯落物及土壤持水能力,马占相思人工林的水源涵养能力较强,建议在对桉树人工林及橡胶树人工林更新时可种植马占相思,以提高其保持水土、涵养水源的功能。The water-holding capacity of litter and soil was measured in three different forest types(Eucalyptus robusta,Hevea brasiliensis,and Acacia mangium plantations)in the Mahuangling watershed in the north-west of Hainan,China,to provide a reference for the construction of local soil and water conservation forests.The hydrological functions of litter and soil were determined quantitatively using immersion and cutting-ring methods,and the water conservation capacity of each forest type was analyzed using the entropy weight method(EWM).The results showed that:the litter total storage in the three forest types was about 3.01~14.66 t·hm^(-2),in the order,A.mangium plantation>H.brasiliensis plantation>E.robusta plantation,the storage of semi-decomposed litter was higher than that of undecomposed litter,which was 75.09%~81.86%of the total storage;the maximum water holding capacity and the effective water interception capacity of litter were 8.60~33.95 t·hm^(-2)and 6.92~26.73 t·hm^(-2),respectively,in the order,A.mangium plantation>E.robusta plantation>H.brasiliensis plantation.The water-holding capacity had a logarithmic relationship with soaking time(R^(2)>0.940);whereas the water-absorption rate had a power function relationship with soaking time(R^(2)>0.880).The average soil bulk density ranged from 1.45 g·cm^(-3)to 1.52 g·cm^(-3),with total porosity ranging from 32.82%~37.56%,the effective water holding capacity of soil was 61.80~77.16 t·hm^(-2),in the order,A.mangium plantation>E.robusta plantation>H.brasiliensis plantation.The initial soil water infiltration rate was 24.74~29.67 mm·min^(-1),with the highest observed in A.mangium plantation,the stable soil water infiltration rate was 1.01~1.38 mm·min^(-1),a power function relationship was observed between the infiltration rate and infiltration time(R^(2)>0.920).The evaluation of the water conservation capacity indicated that soil water infiltration capacity and total litter storage were the main factors,in the order,A.mangium plantation(81.0987)>E.robusta plan

关 键 词：桉树 橡胶树 马占相思 水土流失区 枯落物 土壤 持水能力 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]