麦积山石窟松鼠科动物种群数量特征及其危害  

Quantitative characteristics of sciurine species population and rodent damage in the Maijishan Grottoes

作　　者：李隆 贺东鹏[1] 陈章 武发思[1,3] 朱非清 胡军舰 岳永强 LI Long;HE Dong-peng;CHEN Zhang;WU Fa-si;ZHU Fei-qing;HU Jun-jian;YUE Yong-qiang(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Key Scientific Research Base for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings of National Cultural Heritage Administration,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China;Cultural Heritage Conservation and Design Consulting Co.,Ltd.of Mogao Grottoes,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations with the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Maijishan Grottoes Art Institute,Dunhuang Academy,Tianshui 741020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地,甘肃敦煌736200 [2]甘肃莫高窟文化遗产保护设计咨询有限公司,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]兰州大学细胞活动与逆境适应教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [4]敦煌研究院麦积山石窟艺术研究所,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期214-221,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060258);中共甘肃省委组织部2022年度省级重点人才项目;敦煌研究院院级课题(2022-KJ-YB-8,2020-KJ-YB-1)。

摘　　要：2021年9月-2022年9月,采用红外相机技术对世界文化遗产麦积山石窟松鼠科动物的种群密度、活动轨迹、昼夜节律及鼠害特点进行调查.结果表明,在石窟及其周边活动的松鼠科动物为岩松鼠与复齿鼯鼠,均为文物致害种;通过Schnabel法与最小已知存活数估计法计算的岩松鼠种群密度分别为(3.64±0.26)、(3.64±0.24)只/hm^(2),与基于遇见率法测算的种群密度(3.08±0.19)只/hm^(2)之间无显著性差异;基于遇见率法测算的岩松鼠与复齿鼯鼠种群密度(7.33±1.26)只/hm^(2)之间有显著性差异.两种致害物种分布范围广泛,能利用石窟栈道进行活动,可沿石窟崖体东西侧多方位、洞窟门窗以及露天大佛等位置进行攀爬.对石窟文物的破坏主要包括爬行过程造成的机械损伤、排泄物污染以及在洞窟内部与外围筑巢.在两种物种反复污染的栈道外围区域及靠近崖体的高频活动位置采取布设超声波驱避器、定期喷洒化学驱避剂等防护措施.From Sep.2021 to Sep.2022,camera-trapping was used to investigate the population density,activity trajectory,circadian rhythm and rodent damage of the sciurine species at the Maijishan Grottoes,a world cultural heritage site.The results showed that Sciurotamias davidianus and Trogopterus xanthipes were the species living in the grottoes and its surroundings,both being hazardous to the preservation of cultural relics.The population density of S.davidianus calculated by the Schnabel method and minimum number known to be alive method were(3.64±0.26)squirrels/hm^(2) and(3.64±0.24)squirrels/hm^(2) respectively,and there was no significant difference between(3.08±0.19)squirrels/hm^(2) by the encounterbased method;but there were significant differences between the population density of S.davidianus and T.xanthipes(7.33±1.26)squirrels/hm^(2) measured by encounter-based method.The distribution of these two deleterious species ranged widely:the grottoe trestle paths,west and east sides of the grotto cliff,doors of the caves and the Buddha statues in the open air all provide convenience for them to climb around.The deterioration and destruction by the sciurine species to the grottoes mainly included mechanical damage caused by their crawling and scratching,fecal contamination and nesting inside and outside the grottoes.According to the investigation of the current situation,it is proposed the focus be on the prevention and control of T.xanthipes at night;safeguard procedures such as ultrasonic repellent and regular spraying of chemical repellent be stipulated in the peripheral area of the trestle path that had been repeatedly polluted by the two species and at the high-frequency activity position close to the cliff,so as to provide scientific data and practical basis for rodent control and preservation of the cave temple.

关 键 词：松鼠科动物 种群密度 红外相机技术 防治措施 麦积山石窟 

分 类 号：Q958.118[生物学—动物学] K879.24[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]