全二维气相色谱技术在石油地球化学中的应用进展  

Advances in the application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in petroleum geochemistry

作　　者：侯佳凯 张志遥 师生宝[3] 朱光有 HOU Jiakai;ZHANG Zhiyao;SHI Shengbao;ZHU Guangyou(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China;School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;School of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Wuhan,Hubei 430100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京102249 [4]长江大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉430100

出　　处：《石油与天然气地质》2024年第2期565-580,共16页Oil & Gas Geology

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ05)。

摘　　要：石油是一种多组分的复杂有机混合物,在形成、运移过程中较易受到各种物理、化学和生物作用的改造,其中含量极低的化合物或特殊化合物用常规一维气相色谱难以检测确定。因全二维气相色谱技术具有超高的分辨率和灵敏度、较大的峰容量及准确的定性和定量检测结果,可对复杂混合物进行分离与鉴定,从而解决了石油复杂成分的精确定量分析难题。研究结果表明:①全二维气相色谱分别与硫化学发光检测器、电子俘获检测器、氢火焰离子化检测器以及飞行时间质谱仪联用后,在原油馏分烃类组成分析及杂原子化合物分析检测方面的适用范围大、应用效果非常显著;②该技术可用于解析稠油的不可分离混合物成分(UCM)、评价原油裂解程度和判识超深层液态原油保存极限深度、定量评价硫酸盐热化学还原反应(TSR)蚀变强度以及识别原油中痕量分子化合物并进行结构鉴定;③该技术在石油地球化学科学问题研究中发挥了独特优势,今后将在页岩油气勘探以及深层-超深层液态原油运移、成藏保存和次生改造研究中发挥重要作用。Petroleum,a complex multi-component organic mixture,is susceptible to various physical,chemical,and biological transformations during its formation and migration.Consequently,it is difficult to identify compounds of extremely low concentrations or special compounds in petroleum using conventional one-dimensional gas chromatography(1DGC).In contrast,comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography(GC×GC),enjoying ultra-high resolution and sensitivity,high peak capacity,and accurate qualitative and quantitative detection results,allows for the separation and identification of complex mixtures,thus meeting the challenge of performing accurate,quantitative analyses of complex petroleum components.Key findings of this study include:(1)Coupled with various detectors such as a sulfur chemiluminescence detector(SCD),electron capture detector(ECD),flame ionization detector(FID),or a time-offlight mass spectrometer(TOFMS),the GC×GC exhibits wide application and notable efficiency in analyzing and detecting the hydrocarbon compositions and heteroatomic compounds of crude oil fractions;(2)GC×GC can be employed to analyze unresolved complex mixtures(UCMs)in heavy oil,assess the cracking degree of crude oil,determine the preservation threshold of ultra-deep liquid hydrocarbon,quantitatively assess the intensity of thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR),and identify potential trace molecular compounds in crude oil and their structures;(3)GC×GC,which has exhibited unique advantages in the field of petroleum geochemistry,is expected to play a significant role in shale oil and gas exploration and research on the migration,accumulation,preservation,and modification of liquid crude oil in deep to ultra-deep reservoirs.

关 键 词：金刚烷 全二维气相色谱 分离原理 石油地球化学 稠油 原油 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]