盐碱水养殖固体废物生物炭对硫酸盐型盐碱土的改良效果评价  

Preparation of biochar from solid waste of salinealkaline aquaculture and its effect on sulfate salinealkaline soil amendment

作　　者：朱润唐 陶红[1] 来琦芳[2] 高鹏程 周凯[2] 孙真 么宗利[2] ZHU Runtang;TAO Hong;LAI Qifang;GAO Pengcheng;ZHOU Kai;SUN Zhen;YAO Zongli(School ofEnvironment and Architecture,University ofShanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Key Laboratory ofInland Salinealkaline Aquaculture,Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Affairs,Salinealkaline Water Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center(Shanghai),East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院,上海200093 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部低洼盐碱地水产养殖重点实验室,盐碱水域渔业工程技术研究中心(上海),上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2024年第2期195-205,共11页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(NO.2019YFD0900404);中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2021XT0401);上海市农业农村领域标准预研制项目(2022-018)。

摘　　要：为探索盐碱地水产养殖产生固体废物的利用途径,实现盐碱地田塘资源综合循环利用,用热解与水热炭化方法对盐碱水养殖固体废物进行处置,得到热解生物炭(BFM)和水热生物炭(HFM),以未经处理的养殖固体废物原料(FM)为对照,组成3种改良剂,每种改良剂设置3种剂量(2%、5%、8%)施加到硫酸盐型盐碱土中进行改良效果评价。结果表明:BFM和HFM氮磷钾含量丰富,表面羟基等官能团得到了保留。随着BFM、HFM、FM施加剂量从2%提升到8%,盐碱土速效氮含量分别提升了9.00%、10.21%~78.58%和27.64%~67.39%,总磷含量分别提升了14.98%~42.90%、16.62%~39.68%和4.70%~42.25%。施加改良剂后盐碱土pH未见明显改变,盐分随施加剂量的增加而增加,但HFM组盐碱指标保持在较低水平。施加改良剂可改善耐盐碱水稻的出苗率,5%BFM和5%HFM剂量组、2%FM剂量组3 d出苗率较对照组分别提高41.65%、66.65%和41.65%;而当改良剂施加量达到8%时,水稻出苗率显著降低(P<0.05)。综上,盐碱水养殖固体废物水热炭作为改良剂效果优于热解炭与原料,并且施加剂量应小于5%。研究结果可为盐碱水养殖固体废物的循环利用提供理论依据。The shortage of fresh water resources,air pollution and soil salinization are the environmental problems perplexing all countries in the world.China has a relatively high degree of land salinization.There are a large number of salinealkaline lands in China,mainly distributed in the northeast,north,northwest of China and some coastal areas.The total salinealkaline land area in China is about 99.13 million hm2,Research shows that aquaculture in salinealkaline land can not only produce highquality protein,but also play an important role in the improvement of salinealkaline land.In recent years,the comprehensive utilization model of fishery and agriculture in salinealkaline land has largely solved the problem of difficult utilization of salinealkaline land(water),and provided a new way for the comprehensive utilization of lowlying salinealkaline land.In addition to the characteristics of high salinity and alkalinity,soil infertility is also a bottleneck problem that restricts the utilization of salinealkaline land.Whether the solid wastes generated during aquaculture process can be recycled is crucial for maintaining the sustainable development of aquaculture in salinealkaline soil.To explore the utilization methods of solid wastes from salinealkaline aquaculture,pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization were selected to produce pyrolysis biochar fish manure(BFM)and hydrothermal fish manure(HFM).BFM,HFM and aquaculture solid waste(FM)were used as three amendments to evaluate their effects on sulfate salinealkaline soil.Three doses(2%,5%,8%)of amendments were added to salinealkaline soil for 30 d of soil incubation.The physicochemical parameters and particle size of the soil were measured,and the improvement effects of amendments on salinealkaline soil were evaluated by a rice pot trial.The results showed that BFM and HFM were rich in nutrients,a large number of functional groups such as hydroxyl group on the surface were retained,and the agglomeration degree of hydrothermal biochar was greater than that of pyrolytic b

关 键 词：盐碱土 养殖固体废物 生物炭 改良剂 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]