泥螺繁殖行为及早期发育的观察  

Reproductive characteristics and embryonic development of Bullacta exarata

作　　者：隋延鸣 蒋慧敏 孙可 陈馨雅 李磊[2] 万连营 吕林兰 SUI Yanming;JIANG Huimin;SUN Ke;CHEN Xinya;LI Lei;WAN Lianying;LYU Linlan(Yancheng Institute ofTechnology,Yancheng Jiangsu 244001,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Lianyungang Wanjiawang Aquatic Products Company Limited,Lianyungang Jiangsu 222000,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城工学院海洋与生物工程学院,江苏盐城244001 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [3]连云港万家旺水产有限公司,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2024年第2期237-245,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家贝类现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-49)。

摘　　要：为探讨泥螺(Bullacta exarata)的繁殖特性和胚胎发育过程,于2021年夏季在江苏盐城地区沿海滩涂观察泥螺的交配、繁殖行为,并采集一批泥螺及其卵群,带回实验室,解剖观察泥螺亲体性器官发育状况;然后在20℃条件下培养泥螺受精卵,采用显微镜观察泥螺的胚胎发育状况,并记录其各个发育时期的形态特征。结果表明,卵群大小与怀卵量呈幂函数关系,即卵群体积越大,其所含卵子数量越多。泥螺胚胎平均直径为210μm,根据泥螺胚胎发育各个时期的特征,并结合前人研究成果,将泥螺从受精卵发育成稚贝这一过程划分为卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、膜内幼虫发育、浮游面盘幼虫阶段和附着变态阶段6个阶段16个时期。受精卵排出后50 min开始卵裂,约23 h达到囊胚期;排出后31 h胚胎发育进入原肠期,排出后38 h 25 min开始形成器官,受精卵排出后115 h 30 min最终变态为稚贝。通过观察发现,在泥螺受精卵孵化过程中如何使泥螺胚胎快速摆脱胶质膜以及适合的孵化温度设置是影响泥螺孵化成功率和孵化速度至关重要的因素。研究结果可以为泥螺人工育苗技术提供理论参考。Bullacta exarata is a unique gastropod in the coastal areas of the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.It is widely distributed in the northeast of China and the western coast of the Korean Peninsula,inhabiting the sandy or muddy beaches in the middle and lower intertidal zone.Due to its tender meat,delicious taste,and it is rich in protein,calcium,phosphorus,iron and a variety of vitamins,B.exarata has high edible and medicinal value,and its market value continues to rise.In addition,B.exarata has strong adaptability to temperature and salinity changes,and its growth speed is fast,so the artificial breeding market has broad prospects.At the beginning of this century,a large area of artificially cultivated B.exarata began to appear in the coastal areas of China.At present,B.exarata cultured on mudflat mainly comes from wild populations.However,the hatching rate of B.exarata eggs in natural sea areas is extremely low,and the hatching is not synchronized,resulting in a shortage of fry.Therefore,a deep understanding of the reproductive behavior and embryonic development patterns of B.exarata is of great significance for the development of artificial breeding techniques for B.exarata and for the promotion of industrial breeding of B.exarata.To study reproductive characteristics and embryonic development process of B.exarata,a batch of B.exarata and their egg masses were collected from the wild in June 2021,the size and quality of the egg masses and the number of eggs they carried were measured.The embryonic development of B.exarata under temperature(20±1)℃was observed using microscopy and imaging system.The morphological characteristics of B.exarata at different development stages were recorded.The results showed that there was power function relation between egg mass size and egg number:the larger the egg mass was,the greater the number of eggs it contained.But there was no regular relation between egg mass quality and egg number.The average egg diameter of B.exarata embryos was 210μm.The embryonic development of B.

关 键 词：泥螺 卵群 胚胎发育 繁殖 

分 类 号：Q178.531[生物学—水生生物学]