某深埋TBM隧洞围岩地质变化区破坏特征与类型判别方法  

Characteristics and Type Judgment of Surrounding Rock Failure in Geological Change Area at a Deep TBM Tunnel

作　　者：王军 焦一峰 毋振华 张伟[2,3] 肖逸飞 陈诚 姚志宾 孔瑞[2,3] WANG Jun;JIAO Yifeng;WU Zhenhua;ZHANG Wei;XIAO Yifei;CHEN Cheng;YAO Zhibin;KONG Rui(Xinjiang Erqisi River Investment and Development(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Wulumuqi 830000,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent Technology,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆额尔齐斯河投资开发(集团)有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]东北大学深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,沈阳110819 [3]东北大学辽宁省深部工程与智能技术重点实验室,沈阳110819

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第5期130-136,146,共8页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52309126,42207221)。

摘　　要：某深埋TBM隧洞地质变化区开挖过程中岩爆和塌方交替发生,导致工期严重延误,严重威胁现场人员及施工安全。通过现场地质踏勘、微震监测和结构面统计,研究现场工程地质灾害与围岩岩性、地质条件的关系,建立基于岩性、地质及微震活动特征的地质灾害类型判别方法。结果表明,该隧洞破坏类型与围岩岩性有显著相关性,黑云母花岗岩洞段岩爆风险最高,混合花岗岩洞段次之,钾长石花岗岩与黑云母花岗岩围岩蚀变的洞段易发生塌方;岩性变化的交界面位置,破坏规模明显增大;破坏类型还与结构面密度相关,随着结构面密度减小,破坏类型由塌方转变为中等岩爆,进一步等级降低为轻微岩爆;微震特征分析表明,岩爆区域微震活动远大于塌方区域微震活动。当微震活动较低时,围岩破坏以塌方为主;当微震事件数>15,微震释放能>1000 J,围岩破坏以岩爆为主;当微震事件数>20,微震释放能>20000 J时,围岩可能发生中等岩爆。现场应用表明,该方法可准确预测掌子面前方潜在破坏类型,为类似工程灾害交替发生洞段的安全、高效施工提供参考。Rockbursts and collapses alternately occur during the excavation process at geological change area of a deep TBM tunnel,leading to serious delay of the construction schedule and threatened to the safety of personnel and construction equipment.The relationships between in-situ engineering geological disasters and the surrounding rock lithology,the geological conditions are studied via in-situ geological survey,microseismic monitoring and structure plane statistics.A method for judging the types of geological disasters based on lithology,geology and microseismic activity characteristics is established.The results show that the failure type is significantly related to the surrounding rock lithology in the tunnel.Rockburst risk is the highest at the tunnel section of biotite granite and followed by the tunnel section of mixed granite.The tunnel section of potassium feldspar granite and biotite granite with wall rock alteration is prone to collapse.Besides,the failure scale increases significantly at the interface of lithology changes.The failure type is also related to the density of the structure plane.With the decreasing density of the structure plane,the failure type changes from collapse to moderate rockburst,and further reduces to slight rockburst.The microseismic characteristics analysis shows that the microseismic activity in rockburst area is far greater than that in collapse area.The surrounding rock failure is mainly the collapse when the microseismic activity is low.It is mainly rockburst when the microseismic event number is greater than 15 and microseismic release energy is greater than 1000 J,and is prone to moderate rockburst when the microseismic event number is greater than 20 and microseismic release energy is greater than 20000 J.Field application shows that this method can accurately predict the potential failure type in front of the working face,and provides a reference for the safe and efficient construction of tunnel sections where similar tunnel engineering disasters occur alternately.

关 键 词：岩石力学 岩爆 塌方 类型判别 微震活动 地质变化区 深埋TBM隧洞 

分 类 号：U451[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] P642.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]