高铁列车集便器废水的同步除碳脱氮处理研究  

Research on Simultaneous Carbon Nitrogen Removal of High-speed Rail Train Toilet Wastewater

作　　者：辛思远 戚伟康 肖长杰 XIN Siyuan;QI Weikang;XIAO Changjie(Engineering Design Appraisal Center,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Muzheng Environmental Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家铁路集团有限公司工程设计鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]北京工业大学城镇污水深度处理与资源化利用技术国家工程实验室,北京100124 [3]北京沐正环境工程有限公司,北京100071

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2024年第5期195-200,共6页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划-重大科技创新工程(2021CXGC 011202);国家青年科学基金项目(52000003)。

摘　　要：随着铁路行业的快速发展,集便器废水处理成为近来相关部门比较关注的问题。为探究集便器废水经济高效的处理方法,研究采用短程硝化反硝化工艺+多级AO+固定生物膜活性污泥(IFAS)工艺处理实际的高铁集便器废水,评价其同步除碳脱氮的效果,验证该工艺的可行性。通过控制曝气池内的DO控制硝化反应进行至NO2--N阶段,然后在厌氧阶段将NO2--N转化为N2,实现脱氮。反应器NH4^(+)-N、TN、COD的去除率分别达到95%、90%和70%,TN负荷达到0.64 kg·N/m^(3)·d^(-1)。出水COD浓度低于400 mg/L,出水NH4^(+)-N浓度低于50 mg/L,TN浓度低于70 mg/L,达到了GB/T 31962—2015《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》。短程硝化池中微生物群落分析表明,短程硝化优势菌为Nitrosomonas,在悬浮污泥和填料架占比分别为3.73%和5.88%。与传统活性污泥法相比,短程硝化反硝化工艺节省了25%的曝气能耗和45%的碳源消耗,多级AO的设计让脱碳除氮更加完全,提高出水水质,活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合,大大增加微生物的量,加快反应速率,可以节省污水处理构筑物的占地面积。从经济以及脱氮效率方面,短程硝化反硝化工艺有望成为集便器废水处理的主要工艺。相比于传统混凝土构筑物,一体化污水处理设备更适合集便器废水。With the rapid development of the railroad industry,the treatment of rail train toilet wastewater has become a more recent concern for the relevant departments.In order to investigate the economical and efficient treatment method for high speed rail train toilet wastewater,in this study,a partial nitrification denitrification process+multi-stage AO+integrated fixed-film activated sludge(IFAS)process is used to treat the actual high speed rail train toilet wastewater to evaluate the effect of simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal and to verify the feasibility of the process.The nitrification reaction is controlled to NO2^(-)-N stage by controlling the DO in the aeration tank,and then NO2^(-)-N is converted to N_(2)in the anaerobic stage to achieve nitrogen removal.The removal rales of NH4^(+)-N,TN and COD in the reactor reach 95%,90%and 70%,respectively,and the TN load reaches 0.64 kg·N/m^(3)·d^(-1).The COD concentration of the reactor effluent is lower than 400 mg/L,the NH4^(+)-N concentration of the effluent is lower than 50 mg/L,and the total nitrogen concentration is lower than 70 mg/L,which meet the Wastewater quality standards for discharge to municipal sewers(GB/T 31962—2015).Microbial community analysis in the partial nitrification tank shows that the dominant bacteria in the partial nitrification ware Nitrosomonas,which accounts for 3.73%and 5.88%of the suspended sludge and filled sludge,respectively.Compared with the traditional activated sludge method,the partial nitrification denitrification process saves 25%of aeration energy and 45%of carbon source consumption,the design of multi-stage AO makes decarbonization and nitrogen removal more complete and improves effluent quality,and the combination of activated sludge method and biofilm method greatly increases the amount of microorganisms and speeds up the reaction rate,which can save the floor space of wastewater treatment structures.In terms of economy as well as nitrogen removal efficiency,the partial nitrification-denitrification process is ex

关 键 词：高铁列车 列车集便器废水 同步除碳脱氮 短程硝化反硝化 多级AO工艺 生物膜工艺 微生物群落 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]