公司决议无效规范基础的实证考察与认识论革新  

Empirical Investigation and Cognitive Revolution on the Normative Basis of the Invalidation of Corporate Resolutions

作　　者：胡挺 Hu Ting

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2024年第3期147-163,共17页SJTU Law Review

摘　　要：原《公司法》第22条规定公司决议“内容违反法律、行政法规的无效”,2023年修订的《公司法》未对该部分进行改动。但实证研究发现,司法实务中被法官援引作为决议无效基础的规范数目大、范围广,且远远超越了实证法对决议无效事由之“内容违法”的限定。决议无效规范基础扩大化成为令人瞩目并担忧的现象。司法实务中决议无效规范基础扩张的路径主要有四种,即基于法律行为规范、“权利保护”与“禁止滥用权利”规范、程序性规范和职权规范的扩张。决议无效规范基础扩大化现象既有其实务根源,也有其制度根源。我国决议瑕疵制度立法应引入“权力瑕疵”这一认识论框架,并明确“决议机关绝对越权作出决议”为决议无效之事由。Article 25 of the PRC Company Law stipulates that the corporate's resolution“is invalid if it contains the content violating laws or administrative regulations”.According to empirical research,the norms cited by judges as the basis for invalid resolutions in judicial practice are numerous and widely scattered in different laws,and far beyond the limitation of“illegal content”as the reasons for invalidating resolutions as set forth in the Company Law.The“expansion of normative basis of invalid resolution”has become a phenomenon that attracts attention and is worrying.In judicial practice,there are four main ways to expand the normative basis of invalid resolution,namely,the expansion based on the norms of legal transaction,the norms of“rights protection”and“prohibition of abuse of rights”,the norms of procedural norms,and the norms of power allocation.All of them are not satisfying.The phenomenon of expanding the normative base of invalid resolutions has both practical and systematic roots.Regarding the systematic roots,future legislation on the defective resolution system should introduce the epistemological framework of“power defect”,and it should be clarified that the reasons for the invalidity of resolutions are limited to“absolute ultra vires”.

关 键 词：公司决议 决议瑕疵 决议无效 公司权力 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]