农村用水户协会解决农田水利运行困境的成效及其限度  

The Effectiveness and Limitations of Rural Water Users Associations in Solving the Operational Challenges of Agricultural Water Conservancy

作　　者：冯川 FENG Chuan(School of Political Science and Public Administration,Center for Local Political Studies,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院、地方政治研究中心

出　　处：《公共管理评论》2024年第1期223-234,共12页China Public Administration Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(项目批准号:22&ZD173)资助。

摘　　要：通过水市场实现水资源有偿转让的商品化水权制度在分田到户之后逐步建立起来。由于村民小组组长管水不力,“水费”与“水资源优化配置”之间产生鸿沟。水库为避免经济损失而不轻易放水,使“付费”与“用水”之间存在时间差。水价测算不合理性和水利的政治伦理属性,导致用水户对商品化水权的抵制行为,水利运行因此陷入困境。用水户协会的目的,在于救济陷入社会阻力的商品化水权制度。商品化水权所依从的市场机制,限定了用水户协会的救济边界,甚至使作为救济者的用水户协会本身也成为需要救济的对象。当市场机制围困了承载自治力量与行政资源的用水户协会,市场机制同时也为逃离商品化水权等反市场机制的社会行为解除了治理力量,最终使市场机制围困和限缩了其自身。Rural Water Users Associations have been established as a means to address operational challenges in agricultural water conservancy.This paper examines the effectiveness and limitations of such associations to address these challenges.Based on case studies and empirical data,the study evaluates the role of water associations in improving the management and operation of water resources in rural areas.Additionally,this study analyzes factors that contribute to the success or failure of water associations to achieve their objectives.The findings suggest that water users associations have the potential to significantly improve water resource management in rural areas by promoting community participation,enhancing efficiency,and resolving conflicts among water users.However,the effectiveness of such associations is limited by insufficient funding,lack of technical expertise,and institutional barriers.The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers to overcome these limitations and to maximize the potential of water users associations to advance agricultural water conservation.

关 键 词：用水户协会 农田水利 市场机制 商品化水权 

分 类 号：F323.213[经济管理—产业经济]