拉美史研究中“民粹主义”与“民众主义”的历史辨析  

The Difference between народник and Populism in the Studies of Latin American History

作　　者：潘芳[1] Pan Fang

机构地区：[1]南开大学拉丁美洲研究中心

出　　处：《世界近现代史研究》2023年第1期27-38,357,358,共14页Studies of Modern World History

摘　　要：在我国拉丁美洲研究中,“populism”是“民粹主义”还是“民众主义”一直都存在争议。通过分析和对比俄国民粹主义、美国平民党运动和拉美的populism,不难发现他们之间没有根本性联系,也没有相互借鉴。但是三者却共用一个英文词“populism”。究其原因,一方面是“populism”被西方学者不断泛化,替代了俄国民粹主义;另一方面,由于我国学术界对俄国民粹主义与泛化后的populism没有给出明确界定,导致populism被直接翻译为中文的“民粹主义”。所以将拉美的populism称为“民粹主义”是缺乏依据的,也不符合客观事实。较“民粹主义”而言,“民众主义”更符合拉美的populism。“民众主义”的使用体现了拉美populism的特点,成为研究拉美populism的一个客观起点。同时,“民众主义”的使用也是对俄国民粹主义的历史尊重,让“民粹主义”回归历史。What does“populism”mean in Chinese is an argumentative topic in Chinese academia of Latin America studies.By analyzing the народник in Russia and the“populism”in United States and in Latin America,this article concludes that there is no fundamental connection with each other and no mutual reference.That the same English word“populism”has been used to refer to different things is mainly the result of generalized“populism”.Another reason is that Chinese academia haven’t clearly defined the“народник”in Russia and the generalized“populism”.Therefore,Latin American“populism”in English was directly translated into народник in Chinese,which is groundless and does not conform to reality.So the“populism”in Latin America shouldn’t be translate in народник and should be given a new definition in Latin America studying.At the same time,the use of“populism”is also a historical respect for Russian народник,allowing"народник"to return to its history.

关 键 词：民粹主义 民众主义 拉丁美洲史 

分 类 号：D773[政治法律—政治学] D082[政治法律—中外政治制度] K73[历史地理—历史学]