沿浦湾红树林大型底栖动物稀有种与常见种对物种多度分布格局及物种多样性的影响  

Effects of Rare and Common Species of Macrobenthos on Species Abundance Distribution Pattern and Species Diversity in the Mangroves of Yanpu Bay

作　　者：周泽宇 王晶 水柏年 方学河 刘永钿 周鑫 李艺 胡成业 ZHOU Zeyu;WANG Jing;SHUI Bonian(School of Fisheries of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期41-50,共10页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42306188);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ21C030006);浙江省省属高校基本科研业务费项目(2022J006);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210340025)。

摘　　要：稀有种在群落的物种组成中数量不多但种类丰富,并且极易在人为扰动下的局域群落中丧失。选取沿浦湾红树林大型底栖动物为研究对象,结合地理范围、生境特异性及种群规模等进行稀有种识别,通过模拟稀有种和常见种的丧失,探究稀有种对群落物种多样性和物种多度分布格局的影响。结果表明,大型底栖动物稀有种共有16种,分别为斑肋拟滨螺、多鳃齿吻沙蚕、红带织纹螺等。稀有种的丧失使得Margalef丰富度指数呈极显著下降(P<0.01),而Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数变化并不显著(P>0.05)。同时,稀有种丧失后,物种多度分布最优拟合模型也从泊松对数正态模型向生态位模型转变。初步推断稀有种的丧失将影响群落的物种多度分布格局,此时,大型底栖动物群落构建由中性过程和生态位过程共同调控转变为中性过程调控。Rare species,which are not abundant but rich in species composition,are easily lost in local communities under human disturbance.In this study,the macrobenthos in the mangrove of Yanpu Bay were taken as the research object,and the rare species were identified by combining geographical range,habitat specificity and population size.The loss of rare species was simulated to explore the effect of the loss of rare species on the species diversity and species abundance distribution pattern of the community.The results showed that there were 16 rare species of macrobenthos,including Littoraria ardouiniana,Nephtys polybranchia and Nassarius succinctus.The loss of rare species significantly decreased the Margalef richness index(P<0.05).At the same time,after the loss of rare species,the optimal fitting model of species abundance distribution also changed from poisson lognormal model to niche model.It is preliminarily inferred that the loss of rare species will affect the species abundance distribution pattern of the community,and the community construction of macrobenthos is changed from the co-regulation of neutral process and niche process to the regulation of neutral process.

关 键 词：红树林 大型底栖动物 稀有种 物种多样性 物种多度分布格局 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源] Q-9[农业科学—水产科学]