平头孔板的初生空化特性定量分析  

Quantitative Analysis of Incipient Cavitations Characteristics of Square-Edged Orifice Plate

作　　者：戚建祥[1] 艾万政 QI Jianxiang;AI Wanzheng(Zhejiang International Maritime College,Zhoushan 316021;School of Naval Architecture and Maritime of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江国际海运职业技术学院,浙江舟山316021 [2]浙江海洋大学船舶与海运学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期87-92,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University：Natural Science

基　　金：舟山市科技局市级公益类项目(2022C31040);长江水利委员会长江科学院开放基金项目(CKWV2019729KY)。

摘　　要：随着现代水利水电工程的日益优化创新,高坝设计中需要解决的重大技术瓶颈是消杀高坝泄放洪流所携带的超大能量。利用水流的突扩、突缩消能的孔板制造简便,并且消能效率高。孔板的抗空化特性跟它的最小壁面压强系数大小紧密相关,其作为孔板设计制造的一个关键性指标。通过数值模拟和物理模型试验的方法,研究了平头孔板初生空化数与相关体型要素和水力要素之间的关系,并得到了经验表达式。研究结果表明,平头孔板初生空化数的经验表达式与实际吻合较好,为孔板的工程应用提供了参考。Orifice plates,as a kind of energy dissipaters with sudden reduction and sudden enlargement forms,has been used in the hydropower projects due to its simple structure,convenient construction and high energy dissipation ratio.The incipient cavitations number of orifice plate,relating to tunnel’s and dissipater’s safety,is an important index of this energy dissipater.In the present paper,the incipient cavitations number relative parameters,such as the contraction ratio of the orifice plate diameter and the flood discharge tunnel diameter,the ratio of the orifice plate thickness to the tunnel diameter and Reynolds number of the flow through orifice plate,were analyzed by theoretical considerations,and their relationships were obtained by the numerical simulations and verified by vacuum tank experiment data.It could be regarded that the incipient cavitations number was mainly dominated by the contraction ratio of the orifice plate.The less the contraction ratio of the orifice plate is,the larger is the incipient cavitations number.The effects of orifice plate’thickness on the incipient cavitations number was not obviously and could be neglected.When Reynolds number is more than 105,Reynolds number has little impact on the incipient cavitations number.The conclusions obtained in this paper can provide references for orifice plate’s design.

关 键 词：孔板 初生空化数 孔径比 厚度 雷诺数 

分 类 号：TV651.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]