安徽地区一年生豆科牧草与速生紫花苜蓿产量和品质比较的初步研究  

A preliminary study on yield and quality comparison between annual leguminousforage and fast growing alfalfa in Anhui Province

作　　者：刘洋 王梦洁 许冬梅 梅泽军 徐智明[2] 杨烈[1] LIU Yang;WANG Mengjie;XU Dongmei;MEI Zeijun;XU Zhiming;YANG Lie(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agriculutural University,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省农科院畜牧兽医研究所,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《草学》2024年第2期28-36,共9页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金;安徽省重点研发计划(202004f06020004、202104e11020002)共同资助。

摘　　要：在长江中下游,紫花苜蓿不适宜湿热环境,现多选择秋眠级数高的速生型品种作为一年生豆科牧草使用。本研究对安徽地区南苜蓿(Medicago polymorpha L.)、皖苕3号苕子(Vicia villosa Roth cv.Wanshao 3)、救荒野豌豆(V.sativa L.)3种一年生豆科牧草与速生型紫花苜蓿-赛迪10(M.sativa L.cv.SARDI 10)进行了产量和品质的比较研究,旨在初步为筛选安徽优质豆科牧草进行开发利用提供科学依据。研究表明:南苜蓿和救荒野豌豆的干物质(dry matter,DM)产量分布范围分别为5380.00~9640.00kg/hm^(2)和5032.00~9840.00kg/hm^(2),分别是紫花苜蓿产量的1.95~2.21倍和1.82~2.26倍;除此之外,南苜蓿粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)含量在初花期达到了32.79%,显著高于同期皖苕3号(26.63%)、救荒野豌豆(24.54%)和紫花苜蓿(23.21%)(P<0.05);南苜蓿的相对饲喂价值(relative feed value,RFV)值从初花期到结荚期均在130以上,皖苕3号、救荒野豌豆的RFV值分别为105.34~179.18、95.34~174.66,处于营养生长期的紫花苜蓿的RFV值为122.98~173.88。初步研究表明,安徽地区南苜蓿产量和饲喂价值均优于速生型一年生紫花苜蓿-赛迪10,在安徽具有巨大推广应用价值。开发利用安徽本土一年生豆科牧草种质资源作为高产优质牧草具有巨大潜力和重要意义。In the middle-lower Yangtze River,as does not adopt to humid and hot environment,fast growing alfalfa(Medicago sative.L.) varieties with high fall-dormancy are often used as annual legumes.In this study,we compared the yields and forage qualities of Medicago polymorpha L.,Vicia villosa Roth cv.Wanshao 3 and V.sativa L.as annual legume with fast-growing alfalfa L M.sativa L.cv.SARDI 10 to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of high quality legume forage in Anhui province.The results indicated:At the early bloom stage,the DM yield of M.polymorpha L.and V.sativa L.ranged from 5 380.00kg/hm to 9 640.00kg/hm and 5 032.00kg/hm to 9 840.00kg/hm respectively,which was 1.95 to 2.21 and 1.82 to 2.26 times of that of M.sativa L.cv.SARDI 10 respectively.Meanwhile,the CP content of M.polymorpha L.is up to 32.79% at early flowering stage,which was significantly higher than that of V.villosa Roth,V.sativa L.cv.Wanshao 3 and M.sativa L.cv.SARDI 10(P<0.05).The RFVs of M.polymorpha L.is consistently higher than 130,even at the pod stage,meanwhile that of V.villosa Roth cv Wanshao 3,V.sativa L.ranged from 105.34 to 179.18,95.34 to 174.66,respectively,from the early bloom stage to the pod stage.The RFVs of alfalfa was 122.98(Middle bloom)to 173.88(Vegetative growth),indicated a constantly high forage quality.In general,M.polymorpha L.is characterized with higher yield and better forage quality compared with alfalfa and two other forages.Overall,the preliminary study showed that the yield and feeding value of M.polymorpha L were better than that of alfalfa Sardi 10 when used as annual legume,and has high potency in Anhui Province.Development and utilization of annual legume forage germplasm with high yield and high quality have great potential and high significance.

关 键 词：南苜蓿 皖苕3号 救荒野豌豆 紫花苜蓿-赛迪10 生产性能 品质特性 

分 类 号：S54.034[农业科学—作物学]