江西桃红岭保护区同域分布有蹄类动物活动节律差异  

Analysis of Seasonal Activity Rhythm and Interspecific Differences in Sympatric Ungulates in Jiangxi Taohongling Reserve

作　　者：孔凡前 沈博文 李笑颖 周鸭仙 李言阔[3] 李佳琦 万雅琼 詹建文 刘武华 胡慧建 刘丙万[2] 马钲焱 KONG Fanqian;SHEN Bowen;LI Xiaoying;ZHOU Yaxian;LI Yankuo;LI Jiaqi;WAN Yaqiong;ZHAN Jianwen;LIU Wuhua;HU Huijian;LIU Bingwan;MA Zhengyan(Management Bureau of Lushan National Nature Reserve,Jiujiang,332000,China;College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,330022,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Nanjing,210042,China;Jiangxi Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve Administation,Jiujiang,332700,China;Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou,510260,China)

机构地区：[1]江西庐山国家级自然保护区管理局,九江332000 [2]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]江西师范大学生命科学学院,南昌330022 [4]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [5]江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区管理局,九江332700 [6]广东省科学院动物研究所,广州510260

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第2期242-250,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460107);生态环境部生物多样性保护专项项目。

摘　　要：为探究同域分布的有蹄类动物活动节律及其季节性差异,2017年3月—2019年5月,利用红外相机技术在江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区对有蹄类动物开展野外监测。在15208个相机有效工作日中,共拍摄到梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)3种有蹄类动物,相对丰富度依次为3.90%、9.72%和39.59%。年活动格局分析表明,梅花鹿和野猪在4月相对丰富度最高,小麂在5月和7月相对丰富度最高,三者均在12月相对丰富度最低。核密度估计和重叠系数的分析结果表明:(1)在日活动节律上,梅花鹿属于夜间活动为主、晨昏活动为辅类型,野猪与小麂同属于以晨昏活动为主、昼间活动为辅类型。(2)梅花鹿日活动节律存在明显的季节性变化,春季与夏季的重叠系数最高(Δ=0.83)。野猪与小麂日活动节律无明显的季节性变化。(3)不同物种日活动节律的重叠系数存在差异。野猪与小麂的日活动模式高度重叠,但与梅花鹿的活动高峰基本错开。研究揭示了3种有蹄类动物的活动节律及其季节性差异,为深入开展同域分布有蹄类物种的共存机制奠定了基础。From March 2017 to May 2019,we used infrared camera to monitor the seasonal activity rhythm of the sympatric-distributed ungulates in the Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve.During 15,208 effective camera working days,three species of ungulates,namely,sika deer(Cervus nippon),wild boar(Sus scrofa),and Reeves’muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi)were captured with relative abundance index(RAI)of 3.90%,9.72%,and 39.59%,respectively.The annual activity pattern analysis showed that monthly RAIs(MRAI)of sika deer and wild boar was the highest in April,the MRAI of Reeves’muntjac was the highest in May and July,and all the three species became inactive in December.With the“overlap”statistical package in R,we used the kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to analyze the relevant monitoring data.The statistical results indicated that:(1)In the daily activity rhythm,sika deer was mainly active at night,supplemented by morning and dusk activities,while wild boar and and Reeves’muntjac were mainly active in the morning and dusk and supplemented by day activities.(2)The daily activity rhythm of sika deer had obvious seasonal variation,and the overlap coefficient between spring and summer is the highest(Δ=0.83),while the daily activity rhythm of Reeves’muntjac and wild boar had no obvious seasonal changes.(3)There was a certain difference in the overlap coefficient of the daily activity rhythm between different species.The daily activity patterns of wild boar and Reeves’muntjac are highly overlapping,but their peak activity is basically staggered from that of sika deer.The study revealed the activity rhythm and seasonal differences of three species of ungulates,which laid a foundation for further exploring the co-existence mechanism of sympatric-distributed ungulates.

关 键 词：红外相机技术 桃红岭保护区 有蹄类 活动节律 季节性差异 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]