越冬期不同水位环境下青头潜鸭行为模式比较  

Behavioral Patterns of Baer’s Pochard under Different Water Levels During Overwintering

作　　者：肖超 宋曦濂 邓文攸 孙雪莹 吕泓学 吴庆明[1] 马兆春 XIAO Chao;SONG Xilian;DENG Wenyou;SUN Xueying;LÜHongxue;WU Qingming;MA Zhaochun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Administration of Heilongjiang Zhalong National Nature Reserve,Qiqihar,161000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局,齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第2期338-346,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271557);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2572022AW19)。

摘　　要：2018年11—12月,采用定点观察法、扫描取样法对河南民权湿地公园越冬期不同水位下青头潜鸭(Aythya baeri)的日间行为活动节律及行为时间分配进行研究。结果表明:(1)不同水位环境下,青头潜鸭越冬期7类行为时间分配之间存在差异。位于浅水位的青头潜鸭主要以静息和觅食行为为主,中水位区域主要以静息、运动和觅食行为为主,深水位区域则以运动、飞行和觅食行为为主。觅食与静息行为的时间分配整体上随水位梯度的升高而减少,运动、飞行和社会行为的时间分配随水位的升高而增加,浅水位的修整行为时间分配极显著低于深水位和中水位,但深水位与中水位间的时间分配不具有显著差异性。(2)不同水位环境下,青头潜鸭越冬期各行为节律均具有一定的差异性。觅食行为方面,深、中水位区域呈高度相似,整体走势呈波浪状,浅水位区域的上午至下午与前二者重合,但早晨和傍晚与之相反。深水位区域的静息行为呈增多趋势,整体没有明显的峰值和谷值,浅水位区域的波动幅度大于深中水位,自13:00—14:00后明显增多。深、中水位修整行为的谷值与峰值分布相反,浅水位整体呈“S”形,三者均在15:00—17:00呈下降趋势。运动行为方面,以中水位为过渡,深水位、浅水位的峰值、谷值交错。整体而言,深水位的运动、修整行为波动幅度大于中水位和浅水位;3种水位下觅食的峰期、谷期与运动的峰期、谷期均大致重合,且浅水位的觅食谷期与其静息峰期重叠。相较于深水位,浅水位更有利于青头潜鸭越冬生存。基于此,建议相关管理部门对青头潜鸭越冬区域进行水位管理,增加浅水区域的面积并减少这一区域的人为干扰。From November to December 2018,we used the fixed-point and scanning sampling methods to study the daytime behavioral activity rhythms and time allocation of Baer’s pochard(Aythya baeri)under different water levels during the overwintering period.The results showed that:(1)Differences existed among the temporal distribution of seven types of behaviors of A.baeri under different water levels.A.baeri was mostly resting and foraging at shallow waters,and was resting,locomotion,and foraging behaviors at moderate level of water areas,but was locomotion,flying,and foraging at deep waters.Time allocation for foraging and resting behaviors decreased with increasing water level overall,while time allocation for locomotion,flying,and social behaviors increased with increasing water level.And time allocation for maintaining behaviors was significantly lower at shallow water than that at moderate to deep water levels,but the difference in between moderate and deep water was not significant.(2)All behavioral rhythms of A.baeri during the overwintering under different water levels varied.In terms of foraging behavior,A.baeri at the deep and moderate water levels showed a highly similar pattern,whereas a contrasting pattern was revealed only in the morning and evening at the shallow water areas.There was an increasing trend of resting behavior at deep water levels,and no peaks or troughs overall,while the fluctuations in the shallow water level area were greater than in the deep and moderate water level,and increased significantly after 13:00—14:00.The behavioral rhythms of maintaining behavior of A.baeri at moderate and deep water levels were opposite in the occurrence of peaks,and was an“S”shape at the shallow water.And maintaining behavior was largely reduced at all water levels after 15:00—17:00.For locomotion behavior,the moderate water level was used as a transition,with peaks and valleys interspersed with deep and shallow water levels.Overall,fluctuations in locomotion and maintaining behaviors were greater at t

关 键 词：行为节律 行为时间分配 水位环境 越冬青头潜鸭 民权湿地公园 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]