大山雀筑巢投入的影响因素分析  

Analysis of the Influencing Factors on Nesting Investment of Japanese Tits

作　　者：何撷 张克勤 王春清 张恒军 李荣权 赵桂英 何玉华 于江萍[2] 戚嘉儒 刘昕 宋百军 HE Xie;ZHANG Keqin;WANG Chunqing;ZHANG Hengjun;LI Rongquan;ZHAO Guiying;HE Yuhua;YU Jiangping;QI Jiaru;LIU Xin;SONG Baijun(School of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural Science and Technology College of Jilin,Jilin,132109,China;School of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院动物科技学院,吉林132109 [2]东北师范大学生命科学学院,长春130024

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第2期415-420,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31870368);吉林农业科技学院畜牧学重点学科建设项目。

摘　　要：次级洞巢鸟是森林生态系统不可或缺的一部分,研究其繁殖期的亲鸟筑巢投入具有重要意义。2019—2022年在吉林省左家自然保护区内利用人工巢箱,以大山雀(Parus minor)为研究对象,以巢材质量和毛发类巢材质量占比为指标,探究人工巢箱设置、巢材组成及繁殖时期与大山雀繁殖投入之间的关系。结果显示:大山雀倾向选择小口径(2.8 cm)巢箱(68.35%),投入的巢材质量较高;巢口朝向对巢材质量无显著影响,但对毛发的使用量有显著差异,其中西北朝向的毛发质量占比显著高于东南朝向(p<0.05),东南朝向的小口径巢箱毛发质量占比显著高于大、中口径巢箱(p<0.05),西北朝向则相反,大、中口径巢箱毛发质量占比显著高于小口径巢箱(p<0.05),但两个朝向的小口径巢箱毛发质量占比无显著差异;大山雀繁殖时期第1窝的毛发使用量显著高于第2窝(p<0.05)。研究表明,巢箱朝向、口径、巢材中毛发质量占比及繁殖时期能影响大山雀的筑巢投入,大山雀在繁殖期能快速改变繁殖策略并在适宜环境中繁育后代。Secondary cavity-nest birds are an indispensable part of forest ecosystems,and studying the investment of parent birds in nest during the breeding period is of great significance.2019—2022,we used artificial nest boxes,taking nest material quality and the proportion of hairy nest material quality as indicators,to investigate the relationship between the artificial nest box setting,nest material composition,breeding period and the reproductive investment of Japanese tits(Parus minor)in Zuojia Nature Reserve,Jilin Province.The results showed that Japanese tits tended to select small entrance size(2.8 cm)nest boxes(68.35%)with high quality of input nesting material.The orientation of nest entrance had no significant effect on nesting material quality,but had significant difference on amount of hair use.The percentage of hair quality in northwest orientation was significantly higher than that in southeast orientation(p<0.05),and the percentage of hair quality in the small entrance size nest boxes in the southeast orientated nests was significantly higher than that in the large and medium entrance size nest boxes(p<0.05),while the opposite was true in the northwest orientated nests,where the percentage of hair quality in large and medium entrance size nest boxes was significantly higher(p<0.05)than that in small entrance size nest boxes,but there was no significantly different in the percentage of hair quality in two orientated small entrance size nest boxes.The hair usage in the first brood was significantly higher(p<0.05)than that in the second brood during the breeding periods of Japanese tits.The research revealed that the orientation of nesting box,the entrance sizes,the percentage of hair quality in nesting material and the breeding period can affect the nest nesting input of Japanese tits.This bird can quickly change breeding strategies and breed offspring in suitable environment during the breeding period.

关 键 词：大山雀 巢材 人工巢箱 繁殖时期 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]