施氮量对旱地小麦花后糖代谢及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Sugar Metabolism after Anthesis and Grain Yield of Dryland Wheat

作　　者：韩柏岳 任爱霞[2] Hafeez Noor 古丽刚 孙敏[2,4] Han Baiyue;Ren Aixia;Hafeez Noor;Gu Ligang;Sun Min(Shanxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Taiyuan 030000,China;College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;Chengzhao Town Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Qixian County,Qixian 030900,China;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in Preparation),Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业技术推广总站,山西太原030000 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030801 [3]祁县城赵镇农业技术推广站,山西祁县030900 [4]山西农业大学农学院/省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹),山西太原030031

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第4期81-86,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302123410);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX2021C016);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24);山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目(202003-2)。

摘　　要：施用氮肥为当前农业增产措施之一,适量施用对小麦产量形成具有重要意义。本试验于2020—2021年在位于黄土高原东南部的山西农业大学小麦试验站开展,设置施氮(N)0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)、90 kg/hm^(2)(N90)、150 kg/hm^(2)(N150)、210 kg/hm^(2)(N210)共4个处理,采用池栽方式研究不同施氮量对旱地小麦地上部生长、花后糖代谢及产量等的影响,以探明提高产量的适宜施氮量及其糖代谢生理机制。结果表明,与对照(N0)相比,施氮肥可显著增加旱地小麦各生育时期株高,增加叶面积指数和花后旗叶蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性,且花后15~30 d间差异达显著水平;产量及其构成因素中,产量增加13.45%~42.18%,穗数增加7.68%~22.33%,穗粒数增加2.14%~3.45%,千粒重增加2.48%~13.54%;总淀粉含量增加1.8~8.8个百分点,尤以支链淀粉含量增加显著。从动态趋势上看,施氮量由90 kg/hm^(2)增至210 kg/hm^(2),各生育时期小麦叶面积指数、花后10~30 d旗叶SPS和SS活性、花后10~30 d籽粒淀粉含量均先增后减,且在施氮量150 kg/hm^(2)时达最高值。最终,旱地小麦产量以N150处理最高,而淀粉含量以N210处理最高,但与N150差异不显著。综上,施氮量150 kg/hm^(2)促进旱地小麦地上部生长,增强花后10~30 d旗叶糖代谢酶活性,增加蔗糖和淀粉含量,增产效果最好。Nitrogen(N)fertilizer application is one of the current measures to increase agricultural production,and appropriate application rate is of great importance to wheat yield formation.Pool planting experiment was performed from 2020 to 2021 in the wheat experimental station of Shanxi Agricultural University in the southeast of the Loess Plateau.Four treatments with pure N application rate as 0(N0),90(N90),150(N150)and 210(N210)kg/hm^(2)respectively were set,and their effects on aboveground growth,sugar metabolism after anthesis and yield of dryland wheat were analyzed,in order to explor the suitable N application rate for yield increase and the physiological mechanism of sugar metabolism.The results showed that compared with the control(N0),applying N fertilizer significantly increased plant height and leaf area index of dryland wheat at each growth stage,and activities of sucrose synthase(SS)and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)in flag leaves after anthesis,and the differences were significant at 15~30 days after anthesis.For yield and its components,the yield,spike number,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased by 13.45%~42.18%,7.68%~22.33%,2.14%~3.45% and 2.48%~13.54%,respectively.The total starch content increased by 1.8~8.8 percentage points,especially the amylopectin content increased significantly.For the dynamic trend,with the increase of N application rate from 90 kg/hm^(2)to 210 kg/hm^(2),the leaf area index at each growth stage,the activities of SPS and SS in flag leaves at 10~30 days after anthesis and the starch content in grain at 10~30 days after anthesis increased first and then decreased,and reached the highest value under N application rate at 150 kg/hm^(2).Finally,the yield of dryland wheat was the highest in N150 treatment,while the starch content was the highest in N210 treatment which was not significantly different from N150 treatment.In conclusion,150 kg/hm^(2)of N application rate promoted the aboveground growth of dryland wheat,enhanced the activity of sugar metabolism enzymes

关 键 词：旱地小麦 氮肥 糖代谢 产量 淀粉 

分 类 号：S512.106[农业科学—作物学]