改良剂施用对硫酸盐型棉田产量及土壤盐渍化参数的影响  

Effects of Acid-Base Balance Conditioner Application on Cotton Yield and Soil Salinization Parameters in Sulfate Saline Fields

作　　者：李双君 胡桂清[1] 张文太[1] 孟景怡 Li Shuangjun;Hu Guiqing;Zhang Wentai;Meng Jingyi(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Process,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程自治区级重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第4期102-110,共9页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区二次引进项目(2022012);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划项目(2021259);新疆维吾尔自治区三区科技人才项目(2023117)。

摘　　要：探究施用酸碱平衡护理剂改良盐渍化棉田的效果与机制,为盐碱地改良和棉花稳产提供理论依据。本研究以新疆沙湾县硫酸盐型棉田为试验对象,于2021—2022年设置施用酸碱平衡护理剂和对照两个处理,监测0~20 cm土层土壤的电导率和pH值,测定棉花长势、产量和土壤盐分指标。结果表明:(1)相较于对照,酸碱平衡护理剂处理的棉花出苗率显著提高4.93~6.13个百分点。(2)2021、2022年酸碱平衡护理剂处理籽棉产量分别为5210.06、6815.43 kg/hm^(2),较对照显著提高25.98%、8.87%。(3)2021年酸碱平衡护理剂处理10~20 cm土层土壤钠吸附比值较对照降低0.077,2022年0~10、10~20 cm土层土壤分别较对照降低0.204、0.173。(4)土壤全盐变化量与SO_(4)^(2-)变化量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与Na^(+)变化量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);籽棉产量变化量与单株成铃数变化量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与土壤电导率变化量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与单铃重变化量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上表明,硫酸盐型棉田施用酸碱平衡护理剂能够降低土壤盐分,提高籽棉产量。In order to investigate the effects and mechanisms of acid-base balance conditioner application on saline cotton field improving,and to provide theoretical bases for saline land improvement and stable cotton yield,two treatments as acid-base balance conditioner application and control were set in 2021-2022 in a sulfate type cotton field in Shawan County,Xinjiang.The conductivity and pH of 0~20-cm soil layer were monitored,and the indexes of cotton growth,yield and soil salinity were measured.The results were as follows.(1)Compared with the control,the emergence rate of cotton treated with acid-base balance conditioner was significantly increased by 4.93~6.13 percent points.(2)The seed cotton yields of acid-base balance conditioner treatment in 2021 and 2022 were 5210.06 and 6815.43 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which were 25.98% and 8.87% higher than that of the control.(3)Sodium sorption ratio in 10~20-cm soil layer of the acid-base balance conditioner treatment was reduced by 0.077 in 2021 compared with the control,while that was reduced by 0.204 and 0.173 in 0~10-cm and 10~20-cm soil layers respectively in 2022.(4)The change of soil total salt was significantly positively correlated with the change of SO_(4)^(2-)(P<0.05)and Na^(+)(P<0.01).The change of seed cotton yield was significantly negatively correlated with the number of bells per plant(P<0.05)and the change of soil conductivity(P<0.01),but significantly positively correlated with single bell weight change(P<0.01).In conclusion,the application of acid-base balance conditioner in sulfate type cotton fields could reduce soil salinity and increase seed cotton yield.

关 键 词：酸碱平衡护理剂 硫酸盐型盐渍土 盐渍化参数 棉花 籽棉产量 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]