土壤改良剂对强酸性土壤中菠菜生长和镉累积的影响  

Effects of soil Amendments on Spinach Growth and Cadmium Accumulation in Strongly Acidic Soil

作　　者：王其选 范贝贝 王巍翰 孙玲丽 陈清[3] Wang Qixuan;Fan Beibei;Wang Weihan;Sun Lingli;Chen Qing(Yantai Zhongde Group Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 264000,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台众德集团有限公司,山东烟台264000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第4期111-117,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23-B15)。

摘　　要：为筛选适用于强酸性镉(Cd)污染农田土壤的修复材料,本研究以菠菜为供试作物,采用盆栽试验研究施用沸石、硅钙基调理剂、商品有机肥和腐植酸4种土壤改良剂对强酸性土壤pH值、菠菜生长和植株Cd累积的影响。结果表明,施用4种土壤改良剂均能提高土壤pH值(0.72~2.04个单位),降低土壤DTPA-Cd含量(14.5%~42.2%),减少菠菜对Cd的吸收(4.8%~83.6%)。与对照相比,施用30 g/kg的硅钙基调理剂或腐植酸处理的菠菜植株Cd含量分别降低83.6%和61.5%,重金属镉生物富集系数分别降低79.9%和60.1%。4种改良剂均能有效改善土壤酸度,降低土壤交换性Al3+含量,促进菠菜生长,与对照相比,菠菜植株鲜重和干重分别增加73%~1230%和71%~1059%。4种改良剂的促生效果表现为:硅钙基调理剂>腐植酸>沸石>商品有机肥。此外,降低土壤有效态Cd和交换性Al3+含量是提高菠菜生物量的关键措施。综上,硅钙基调理剂在提高强酸性土壤生产力和修复Cd污染农田方面具备较大的优势。In order to obtain well-performed soil amendment for remediating farmland soils polluted by strongly acidic cadmium(Cd),spinach was used as test plant in this research,and the effects of four soil amendments including zeolite,calcium-silicon based conditioner,commercial organic fertilizer and humic acid on soil pH and growth and Cd accumulation of spinach in strongly acidic soil were studied by pot experiment.The results showed that applying the four soil amendments all increased soil pH value(0.72~2.04 units),decreased DTPA-Cd content in soil(14.5%~42.2%)and reduced Cd accumulation(4.8%~83.6%)in spinach.Compared with the control,the application of 30 g/kg calcium-silicon based amendment and humic acid significantly reduced plant Cd concentration by 83.6% and 61.5%,and reduced bioconcentration factor by 79.9% and 60.1%,respectively.Besides,the application of the four soil amendments all effectively improved soil acidity,reduced soil exchangeable Al^(3+)content,and promoted spinach growth.The fresh and dry weights of spinach plant increased by 73%~1230% and 71%~1059%,respectively,compared with the control.The effects of different soil amendments on growth promoting showed as calcium-silicon based conditioner>humic acid>zeolite>commercial organic fertilizer.The reduction of soil available Cd and exchangeable Al3+contents was a key measure to increase spinach biomass.In summary,the calcium-silicon based amendment had greater advantages on improving highly acidic soil productivity and enhancing remediation of Cd polluted farmland.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 镉 菠菜 生物富集系数 土壤酸度 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S636.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]