乌头不同叶片中化学成分的变化特征及打顶对根的影响  

Changing characteristics of chemical composition of different leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.and the effect of topping on root

作　　者：毛柳英 陈灵丽 田梅 马青 周晓春 马丽娜 崔光红[3] 曹俊岭[4] MAO Liuying;CHEN Lingli;TIAN Mei;MA Qing;ZHOU Xiaochun;MA Lina;CUI Guanghong;CAO Junling(Department of Pharmacy,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing100078,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control,Anhui Province,Hefei230051,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing100007,China;Luoyang Hospital,Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Henan Province,Luoyang471002,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学东方医院药学部,北京100078 [2]安徽省食品药品检验研究院中药所,安徽合肥230051 [3]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700 [4]北京中医药大学东直门医院洛阳医院,河南洛阳471002

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2024年第7期1-6,35,共7页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0900601)。

摘　　要：目的基于乌头传统栽培中打顶的生产工艺,对乌头不同位置叶片所含的化学成分进行系统分析,并对打顶前后根进行质量及成分比较,以明确乌头叶片中化学成分的分布,为打顶工艺提供科学依据。方法采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相,柱温45℃,流速0.4 ml/min,对乌头顶叶、不同部位的叶片(前6片叶)、打顶前后根部样品中二萜生物碱类成分进行检测,并通过多元统计分析打顶工艺对乌头的影响。结果顶叶中分布着含量与数量极其丰富的二萜生物碱类成分,在顶叶检测出60种化学成分,其中25个为顶叶中的特异性成分,特异性成分类型为单酯型、双酯型及三酯型二萜生物碱。与顶叶比较,相对成熟的叶片(第1~6片)二萜生物碱类成分的个数明显降低,且不同类型化合物降低的程度依次为三酯型≈双酯型>单脂型>醇胺型,即双酯型及三酯型二萜生物碱的含量在成熟叶片中迅速降低。对乌头进行打顶处理后,根的产量增长10%/个,多元统计分析表明打顶前后地下根中存在Songorine、7-deoxylycoctonine、Fuziline、chasmanine、14-acetyltalatizamine、10-OH-mesaconitine、mesaconitine等主要差异成分。结论乌头顶叶中存在大量且特异的二萜生物碱类成分,打顶工艺对不同部位二萜生物碱的分布有影响且对乌头的增产有重要作用。Objective To clarify the distribution of chemical components in leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.and to provide scientific basis for topping technology based on the production technology of topping in traditional cultivation of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.,the chemical components in different positions leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.were systematically analyzed,and the yield and composition of roots before and after topping were compared.Methods UPLC-Q-ToF-MS technology was used,with acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid water as the mobile phase,the column temperature was 45℃,and the flow rate was 0.4 ml/min,diterpenoid alkaloids in apex leaves,diverse leaf sections(first six leaves),and both pre-and post-pruned root samples of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.was employed detected,and multivariate statistics evaluated topping process effects.Results The apex leaves,disproportionately enriched in diterpenoid alkaloids,had 60 chemical compounds detected,including 25 distinct ones.The specific components were monoester,diester,and trester diterpenoid alkaloids.Compared with the apex leaves,the number of diterpenoid alkaloids in comparatively developed leaves(1-6 leaves)dramatically drops,with a decrease trend of trester≈diester>monoester>ethanolamine,that is,the content of diester and trester diterpenoid alkaloids decreased rapidly in mature leaves.After topping process of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.,the yield of roots increased by 10%per aconite.Analysis validated significant differentiation in underground root components post-pruning,such as Songorine,7-deoxycotonine,Fuziline,chasmanine,14-acetyltalatizamine,10-OH mesaconitine,and mesaconitine.Conclusion The apex leaves of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.are rich in distinctive diterpenoid alkaloids,and pruning prominently affects their distribution and significantly boosts yield.

关 键 词：乌头 顶叶 二萜生物碱 打顶工艺 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]