拜登政府对外贸易政策的特征及影响  

The Biden Administration’s Foreign Trade Policy:Characteristics and Influence

作　　者：韩梦雨 熊玠[2] Han Mengyu;Xiong Jie(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University;Department of Politics,New York University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院 [2]美国纽约大学政治系

出　　处：《和平与发展》2024年第2期42-66,187,188,共27页Peace and Development

摘　　要：美国对外贸易政策不仅深刻塑造其国内经济结构,更在全球贸易格局中产生了至关重要的影响。拜登政府上台后,美国对外贸易政策呈现出三大明显特征:拉拢盟友构建排他性贸易同盟;抛弃多边主义贸易原则,在国际贸易中大搞单边主义;试图用政治属性替代经济属性,人为扭曲经济规律。这一政策背后的深层原因,在于美国国内经济结构与全球经贸体系之间的不匹配,以及为了维护和巩固美国的霸权地位,并在国内实现多元利益主体间的平衡,拜登政府必须借助对外贸易政策来调整这一差异。然而,拜登政府的贸易政策不仅没有实现其预期的政治经济目标,还对全球贸易体系的稳定造成了冲击,给世界各国的经济增长带来了负面影响。在此背景下,中国需深入洞察拜登政府对外贸易政策演变的内在逻辑,积极参与国际规则的制定,妥善应对美国贸易政策所带来的挑战,从而在国际经济治理体系中增强中国的话语权和制度性影响力。The foreign trade policy of the United States has not only profoundly shaped its domestic economic structure,but also played a crucial role in the global trade pattern.After the Biden administration came to power,the US foreign trade policy shows obvious characteristics such as wooing allies to build exclusive trade alliances,pursuing unilateralism in the negotiation of international trade rules,and artifi cially distorting economic laws.The underlying reason behind this policy lies in the mismatch between its domestic economic architecture and the global economic and trade system.In order to maintain and consolidate the hegemonic status of the United States and achieve harmony among diverse interests at home,the Biden administration must adjust and balance this diff erence with the help of foreign trade policy.However,the Biden administration’s trade policy has not only failed to achieve its intended political and economic goals,but has impacted the stability of the global trading system and negatively affected the economic growth of countries around the world.In this context,China needs to have a deep insight into the internal logic of the Biden administration’s foreign trade policy evolution,actively participate in the formulation of international rules and properly respond to the challenges brought by the US trade policy,so as to enhance China’s voice and institutional infl uence in the international economic governance system.

关 键 词：贸易政策 拜登政府 友岸外包 美国霸权 中美关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]