地缘战略竞争视角下的英国北极战略演进探析  

Evolution of UK’s Arctic Strategy:An Analysis from the Perspective of Geopolitical Strategic Competition

作　　者：张笑一[1] Zhang Xiaoyi(School of English and International Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院

出　　处：《和平与发展》2024年第2期91-113,189,共24页Peace and Development

基　　金：北京外国语大学2022年度“双一流”建设重点标志性项目“俄乌冲突背景下欧盟在全球治理中的角色研究”(项目编号:2022SYLA004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：长期以来,英国作为离北极圈最近的非环北极国家之一,为扩展其战略利益,逐步形成了旨在深度介入北极安全事务的北极战略。乌克兰危机爆发后,北极地区的地缘战略竞争形势更趋紧张,英国的北极战略凸显出其在北极地区紧跟以美国为首的北约抗俄遏华的战略取向和侧重军事安全的特点,也有推进其在非传统安全领域利益的成分。究其动因,乌克兰危机为英国在北极事务中扮演重要角色提供了契机,追随和配合美国的北极战略是英国北极政策的重要动力,而抗俄是英国的强烈动机。英国积极推进北极战略,势必会增强北约在北极地区的相对实力,推动北约在欧洲北极地区的力量整合并增进英美“特殊关系”,导致北极地区的地缘战略竞争更趋复杂和激烈。As a non-Arctic state most closely located to the Arctic,the UK has long been a keen player in the Arctic region and set out to formulate its Arctic strategy in order to expand its strategic interests.Since the outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis in 2022,the geopolitical competition in the Arctic has been getting more and more intense,which has brought about a strong impact on the UK’s Arctic strategy.Its current Arctic policy framework is featured by a close alignment with the US-led NATO to contain Russia and China and a clear military orientation.Meanwhile the UK is also committed to securing its interests in non-conventional security areas.The cause of the present UK Arctic strategy can be threefold.One,the Ukrainian crisis has offered the UK a significant opportunity to get deeply involved in Arctic-related affairs.Two,the UK has been incentivized to realize a close alignment with the US Arctic strategy after Brexit.Three,hostility against Russia is also its true motivation.The UK’s Arctic policy has boosted the comprehensive strength of the western camp in the Arctic.By integrating the countries in the European Arctic,the UK has reinforced the special relationship with the US.All these have deepened the geopolitical strategic competition in the Arctic region.

关 键 词：北极 英国 乌克兰危机 军事安全 非传统安全 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]