锂矿石基因特性及其对选矿的影响  

Genetic Characteristics of Lithium Ores and Its Influence on Mineral Beneficiation

作　　者：肖仪武 王臻 冯凯 王明燕 金建文 叶小璐 郜伟 权鸿雁 XIAO Yiwu;WANG Zhen;FENG Kai;WANG Mingyan;JIN Jianwen;YE Xiaolu;GAO Wei;QUAN Hongyan(BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 10060,China;State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,Beijing 102628,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160 [2]矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京102628

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第4期23-32,共10页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

摘　　要：锂是重要的战略性新能源矿产,锂矿床主要有卤水型、伟晶岩型、花岗岩型、隐爆角砾岩型和黏土型等五种类型。对于后四类固体矿床来说,因成矿条件及过程的差异,其矿石基因特性具有明显不同。伟晶岩型锂矿Li2O品位高,锂矿物主要为锂辉石、透锂长石、磷锂铝石和锂云母等;花岗岩型锂矿Li2O品位通常较低,但矿床规模大,锂主要赋存于锂白云母、铁锂云母和锂云母中;隐爆角砾岩型锂矿Li2O品位也较高,矿石中的含锂矿物较单一,通常为锂云母;黏土型锂矿中的锂主要赋存在锂的独立矿物(锂绿泥石、羟硼硅钠锂石等)中,或以类质同象和/或吸附形式赋存于黏土矿物(高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石等)和一水硬铝石中。矿石中锂的回收利用工艺与锂的赋存状态密切相关。花岗岩型锂矿和黏土型锂矿资源在我国广泛分布,随着提锂技术的发展,这两种类型的锂资源具有广阔的开发利用前景。Lithium is a critical strategic energy metal,and lithium deposits mainly include five types:brine type,pegmatite type,granite type,cryptoexplosive breccia type and clay type.For the latter four solid mineral types of deposits,their ore genetic properties are significantly different due to different mineralization conditions and ore forming processes.Pegmatite type lithium deposits feature high grade of Li,O,and the lithium minerals mainly are spodumene,petalite,montebrasite and lepidolite,Granite type lithium deposits generally have low grade of Liz O and large deposit scale,and the lithium minerals mainly include trilithionite,zinnwaldite,and lepidolite.The Liz O grade of the cryptoexplosive breccia type lithium deposits is relatively high,and the lithium bearing mineral in such deposits is mainly lepidolite.In the clay type lithium deposits,lithium usually forms independent lithium minerals such as cookeite and jadarite,lithium might occur in adsorption and isomorphism states in clay minerals such as kaolintie,illite,montmorillonite and diaspore as well.The recovery and utilization of lithium in the lithium ores is closely related to the occurrence state of lithium.Granite type and clay type lithium deposits are widely distributed in China.With the development of lithium extraction techniques,these two types of lithium resources have promising prospects for further development and utilization.

关 键 词：锂矿 矿石基因 赋存状态 关键矿产 工艺矿物学 

分 类 号：TD912[矿业工程—选矿]