喜温酸硫杆状菌浸出低品位磷矿及浸矿机理研究  

Study on Leaching of Low Grade Phosphate Rock by Thiobacillus Thermophilus and Leaching Mechanism

作　　者：王大鹏 渠光华[1,2,3] WANG Dapeng;QU Guanghua(Mining College,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;State and Local Joint Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Superior Mineral Resources in Karst Areas,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral Resources,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学矿业学院,贵阳550025 [2]喀斯特地区优势矿产资源高效利用国家地方联合重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省非金属矿产资源综合利用重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《有色金属（选矿部分）》2024年第4期59-66,76,共9页Nonferrous Metals（Mineral Processing Section）

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目([2017]1050)。

摘　　要：采用喜温酸硫杆状菌(中等嗜热菌)浸出低品位磷矿试验研究,将微生物进行逐级驯化得到高耐受菌株。研究微生物形态、矿石成分、驯化菌株与为驯化浸出差异,通过添加表面活性剂和碳源提高浸出效率,以不同方式表征微生物在浸出过程中的浸出机理。试验结果表明,磷矿石品位14.12%,微生物为短杆状,大小(500~650)nm×(150~250)nm;经驯化后的菌株活性明显高于未驯化,经过驯化的菌株在11 d时浸出趋于平稳,最终磷浸出率为81.3%,比未驯化高9.8个百分点;吐温20、60、80的较佳用量分别为10、10、100 g/m^(3),磷浸出率分别为82.88%,86.78%、84.65%;添加葡萄糖、淀粉、蔗糖氧化还原电位最高分别为482、414、438 mV,12 d浸出率分别为80.2%、83.9%、86.8%;经微生物作用后磷矿表面变得粗糙,凹凸不平,有物质堆积,表面可以观察到侵蚀坑;喜温酸硫杆状菌大多吸附在磷矿颗粒裂缝及缺陷处;经红外光谱分析证明了磷矿物表面确实存在喜温酸硫杆状菌的吸附;磷矿石Zeta电位测试表明,磷矿石和喜温酸硫杆状菌的等电点分别为pH 4.5和pH 2.8;磷矿石在去离子水中的接触角为43.7°,在pH为2.8的硫酸中作用后的接触角为44.9°,微生物作用后,磷矿表面的润湿接触角为68.5°,疏水性明显增强。Thiobacillus thermophilus(moderate thermophile)was used to leach low-grade phosphate ore.The bacteria that can resistant to high slurry concentrations was obtained by step-by-step transfer of domestication.The differences of microbial morphology,ore composition,domesticated strains and domesticated leaching were studied.The leaching efficiency was improved by adding surfactants and carbon sources,and the leaching mechanism of microorganisms in the leaching process was characterized in different ways.A phosphate ore with a grade of 14.12%,microorganisms were short rod-shaped(500-650)nm×(150-250)nm.The activity of the domesticated strain was significantly higher than that of the undomesticated strain.The leaching of the domesticated strain tended to be stable at ll d,and the final phosphorus leaching rate was 81.3%,which was 9.8 percentage points higher than that of the undomesticated strain.The optimum dosage of Tween 20,60 and 80 were 10,10 and 100 g/m^(3),respectively,and the phosphorus leaching rates were 82.88%,86.78%and 84.65%,respectively.The maximum redox potentials of glucose,starch and sucrose were 482,414 and 438 mV,respectively,and the leaching rates were 80.2%,83.9%and 86.8%,respectively.After the action of microorganisms,the surface of phosphate rock becomes rough,uneven,with material accumulation,and erosion pits can be observed on the surface,most of the thermophilic acid-sulfur bacilli are adsorbed on the cracks and defects of phosphate rock particles,the infrared spectrum analysis proved that there was indeed the adsorption of thermophilic acid-sulfur bacillus on the surface of phosphate minerals.The Zeta potential test of phosphate rock showed that the isoelectric points of phosphate rock and thiobacillus thermophilus were pH 4.5 and pH 2.8,respectively.The contact angle of phosphate rock in deionized water is 43.7°,and the contact angle in sulfuric acid with pH of 2.8 was 44.9°.After the action of microorganisms,the wetting contact angle of phosphate rock surface was 68.5°,and the hydrophobi

关 键 词：喜温酸硫杆状菌 低品位磷矿 微生物浸出 浸矿机理 吸附作用 

分 类 号：TD925.5[矿业工程—选矿]