论外围现实主义视角下弱国与强国的关系——以巴西与美国的关系(2003—2010年)为例  

On the Relationship Between Weak and Strong Countries from the Perspective of Peripheral Realism:The Case of Brazil-U.S.Relations(2003-2010)

作　　者：尹淇 Yin Qi

机构地区：[1]上海大学

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2024年第2期109-129,153,共22页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：现实主义或自由主义等西方主流国际关系理论通常采用“强国视角”,即从综合实力相对雄厚的国家或地区的视角分析国际政治行为的动因,外围现实主义则提供了一种“外围国家视角”来分析国际关系中“外围国家”的利益诉求和发展条件。外围现实主义的关注点是国际体系和利益观念对外围国家与中心国家关系的影响,可以在现实层面上阐释弱国与强国的关系。本文将巴西与美国作为研究弱国与强国关系的典型对象,两国间的关系(2003—2010年)是在充满矛盾的合作中发展的。基于外围现实主义的观点,巴西与美国的合作是以实现各自国家利益预期为目标的相互需求;合作中矛盾的本质是双方在国际体系的等级制状态下利益观念的对立。将巴西与美国的关系与“外围国家”和“中心国家”关系的特点相结合进行分析可以发现,当弱国与强国发生利益相关时,双方关系的主要表现形式为获益不均的合作,次要表现形式为收效甚微的抗衡。从外围现实主义视角阐释弱国与强国的关系,有助于弱国认识其实现发展的必要条件,也有助于探究弱国在与强国的互动中存在的发展机遇。Western mainstream theories on international relations,such as realism or liberalism,usually adopt the great power perspective,which analyses the motives of international political behaviour from the perspective of countries or regions with relatively strong comprehensive power,while the theory of peripheral realism provides a peripheral perspective to analyse the interest demands and development conditions of weak countries in international relations.Focusing on the influence of the international system and interest concepts on the relationship between peripheral and central countries,peripheral realism can explain the relationship between weak and strong countries in reality.This article takes Brazil-U.S.relations as a typical case to study the relationship between weak and strong countries.The relationship between Brazil and the United States(2003-2010)developed into a cooperative one full of contradictions.From the perspective of peripheral realism,the cooperation between Brazil and the United States is a mutual necessity aimed at fulfilling their respective national interests.The essence of the contradictions in Brazil-U.S.relations is the opposition of the interests of both sides under the hierarchical state of the international system.By combining the Brazil-U.S.relations with the characteristics of the relationship between“peripheral countries”and“central countries”,the nature of the relationship between weak and strong countries can be better understood.That is,when the interests of weak and strong countries are related,the main expression of the relationship between the two is cooperation with uneven benefits,while the secondary expression is confrontation with little effect.Interpreting the relationship between weak and strong countries from the perspective of peripheral realism is helpful for promoting the national interests of weak countries.

关 键 词：外围现实主义 弱国 强国 国际体系 利益观念 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]