新质生产力的理论内涵与实证评估  

Theoretical Connotation and Empirical Assessment of New Quality Productivity

作　　者：董晓远[1] 张超 廖明中[1] DONG Xiaoyuan;ZHANG Chao;LIAO Mingzhong

机构地区：[1]深圳市社会科学院经济研究所,广东深圳518028

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第3期5-15,54,共12页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：深圳市哲学社会科学规划2020年度课题“未来五年深圳潜在经济增长率研究”(SZ2020B009);深圳市社会科学院2024年度专项科研项目“习近平经济思想与深圳高质量发展研究”(2024AA002)。

摘　　要：习近平关于新质生产力的阐释是对马克思主义经典作家生产力理论的继承和发展,是对中国特色社会主义生产力理论的丰富和发展,并汲取新古典经济增长理论成分。该阐释深化了对发展生产力的指导理念、催生动因、主要内容及表征特点的认识。从科技创新、新型劳动者、新型劳动资料、新型劳动对象、要素优化组合五个维度构建新质生产力评价指标体系,并采用熵值法和指数分解法,以Wind数据库中422家深圳上市公司为样本,测度深圳新质生产力发展水平和构成要素特征。结果显示:深圳新质生产力实力指数得分从2016年0.24快速增至2022年0.88,新质生产力发展呈现快速上升态势;剖析其构成要素变化,新型劳动资料指数增速最快并呈现“”型增长态势,新型劳动对象和新型劳动者指数增速紧居其后并呈现“∕”型增长态势,科技创新指数增速较快呈现“√”型增长态势,要素优化组合指数呈现“S”型波动上升态势。深圳新质生产力是由新型劳动资料主导带动、新型劳动对象和新型劳动者主力支撑、科技创新和要素优化组合共同保障发展壮大,且各构成要素在不同时间差异体现新质生产力发展偏向差异。概之,新质生产力已在深圳战略性新兴产业发展中形成并加速成长壮大。In this paper,the evaluation index system for new quality productivity is constructed from five dimensions:scientific and technological innovation,new labor,new instruments and labor subjects,new labor objects,and an optimal combination of production factors.The entropy value method and exponential decomposition method are employed to measure the development level and contribution of constituent elements of Shenzhen's new quality productivity by taking 422 Shenzhen listed companies in the Wind database as samples.The results show that the index score of Shen Zhen new quality productivity has grown rapidly from 0.24 in 2016 to 0.88 in 2022,and the development of new quality productivity has shown a steady upward trend.Among them,the growth rate of the index score of the new instruments is the fastest,followed by the index score of new workers and subject of labor,the growth rate of the index score of the optimal combination of factors is relatively flat.In summary,new quality productivity has been formed and accelerated in the practice of the development of strategic emerging industries in Shenzhen.

关 键 词：新质生产力 创新增长 新发展理念 高质量发展 指标体系 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]