粤港澳大湾区立法协同的实践审视与体制机制创新  

Practical Review and Innovation of System and Mechanism of Legislative Synergy in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：叶海波[1] 相梦垚 YE Haibo;XIANG Mengyao

机构地区：[1]深圳大学法学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第3期26-34,共9页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“落实中央对特别行政区全面管治权研究”(22ZDA124);国家社会科学基金一般项目“香港‘客卿’司法的实证研究”(20BFX078)。

摘　　要：立法协同是粤港澳大湾区法治建设的基础性模式和规则衔接的基本路径,其不同于理论与实务界热议的“规则衔接”。当前,粤港澳大湾区准一体化、多中心、多平台的整体发展路径初步成型,但囿于粤港澳三地政治制度、法律传统以及立法权限的差异,大湾区规则衔接主要采取“整体规划,集中突破”的策略,以中央统筹与地方负责相结合为原则推动政策型规则衔接,立法型规则衔接则极为鲜见。本文认为立法协同是粤港澳大湾区制度整合和规则衔接最直接和最有效的方式。立法协同是指涉及大湾区发展的各个有权主体包括中央以立法方式协调构建大湾区法治环境,强调中央统筹的特殊地位和作用,区别于仅限地方间进行立法协调的“协同立法”方式。就目前来看,大湾区立法协同整体上仍然面临着“存异”与“趋同”的平衡、立法权限分配层差明显等巨大挑战。因此,面向未来,粤港澳大湾区立法协同需要体制机制改革创新,综合运用地方单独立法、区域协同立法和中央统一立法这三种方式,从制定立法协同促进规范和设立立法协同促进机构两个方面完善立法协同体制,从常态化规则清理机制、规则衔接摸排和评估机制、示范法制定机制等方面创新立法协同工作机制,以立法协同突破规则衔接的重要领域。Legislative synergy is the basic model for the construction of the rule of law and the basic path of the interface of the rules in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,which is different from the “the interface of the rules” that is hotly discussed in the theoretical and practical circles.At present,the overall development path of quasi-integration,multi-center and multi-platform of the Greater Bay Area has taken initial shape,but due to the differences between Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao in terms of the political systems,legal traditions and legislative authority in the Bay Area,the interface of the rules in the Greater Bay Area mainly adopts the strategy of “overall planning and centralized breakthrough”,and promotes the interface of policy-based rules based on the principle of combining the overall planning of the central government and local responsibility.By contrast,the interface of legislative rules is extremely rare,single-directional,in small quantities and weak in coordination.Based on this,this paper argues that legislative synergy is the most direct and effective way to integrate the system and interface the rules in the Greater Bay Area.Therefore,the legislative synergy in the Greater Bay Area needs to refine legislative mechanism and system,comprehensively using the three methods of local independent legislation,regional coordinated legislation and central unified legislation,improving the legislative synergy system from the two aspects of formulating promotion norms and establishing promotion institutions for legislative synergy,and innovating the legislative synergy mechanism from the aspects of the mechanism for regular rule cleanup,the mechanism for rule investigation and evaluation,the mechanism for model law formulation,so as to break through the important areas of rule convergence with legislative coordination.

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 政策型规则衔接 立法型规则衔接 立法协同 体制机制创新 

分 类 号：D927[政治法律—法学]