推进粤港澳大湾区建设的法律困境与进路  

Legal Dilemmas and Pathways in Advancing the Construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：朱国斌[1] ZHU Guobin

机构地区：[1]香港城市大学法律学院,中国香港999077

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第3期35-44,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：香港城市大学“香港基本法实施研究:中国与比较宪法视角”研究计划(Research Project on the Implementation of the Hong Kong Basic Law:Chinese and Comparative Constitutional Law Perspectives,9220093)。

摘　　要：粤港澳大湾区建设推进区域合作与发展过程中,由于粤港澳三地制度、法系、规则和观念的不同,不可避免地遭遇法律冲突与法制困境。目前,推进粤港澳大湾区建设主要以行政协作为主要形式,多以政策性文件作为实施基础和依托,缺乏高位阶法律保障,并未形成具有体系的跨域法律框架。粤港澳三地的制度性差异与冲突在多元主体复杂交汇时表现得尤为明显。这进一步加剧了法律规则之间的冲突,制约着经济合作走向纵深以及法治体系的衔接与融合。本文集中讨论大湾区建设的法律困境与进路,认为只有通过加强中央在协调三地关系和促进合作方面的主导作用,打通三地法律和政策壁垒,有目的地完善法律框架和规则体系,才能补齐现有合作短板,突破法制壁垒与困境。在机制创新方面,建议设立中央主导的常设行政机关,建立长期立法协作机制,创设新的法律冲突机制,促进法律服务业合作深度融合。在制度创新方面,可实施“软硬法兼施”治理模式,正式授权三地立法,灵活适用以法制为基础的制度衔接方式,建立法律冲突法规范体系。未来应将建设“法治湾区”作为大湾区建设的长远目标,着力提升大湾区整体法治水平,推进大湾区建设迈向新的高度。Against the backdrop of “one country,two systems,three jurisdictions”,there are inevitable legal conflicts and dilemmas amid advancing regional cooperation and development in the GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area due to differences in institutional systems,legal traditions,rules and concepts.There remains a lack of high-level legal guarantees and a systematic cross-domain legal structure.The institutional differences and conflicts between Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao have become more prominent as diverse entities interact and intersect in complex ways,further exacerbating conflicts in laws and rules as well as imposing constraints on the deepening of economic cooperation and integration in the fields of rule of law.This paper focuses on discussing the legal dilemmas and pathways in the project of the Greater Bay Area construction.It argues that only by strengthening the leading role of the central government in coordinating relations and promoting cooperation among the three places,breaking down barriers in laws and policies among the three places,and purposefully improving the legal frameworks and systems of rules,can the current shortcomings in cooperation be addressed and obstacles and dilemmas in the legal system be overcome.At the same time,this paper proposes that building a “Rule of Law-based Bay Area” should be the overarching goal and long-term objective for the Greater Bay Area development,aiming to lift the overall rule of law standard and advance the Greater Bay Area construction to new heights.

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 “一国两制” 法律冲突 制度创新 

分 类 号：D927[政治法律—法学]