人口转型中的生育模式变迁及其中国应对  

The Change of Fertility Pattern in Population Transition and Its Countermeasures in China

作　　者：于志强 YU Zhiqiang

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第3期140-149,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：中华全国妇女联合会“十四五”家庭教育科研课题“新时代家庭观的建构机制和国际比较研究”(23LLWTZ002);中国青少年研究会“大学生生育观念性别转向的形成机制研究”(2023B35)。

摘　　要：以未婚同居者的生育实践为视角,分析未婚同居生育过程的多样性、可塑性和建构性特征,同时透视人口转型中生育模式的现代性变革及中国社会的应对方案。研究发现,一方面,中国未婚同居者的生育实践在计划、拒绝和意外等不同类型或同一类型内部呈现出差异性、情境性的实践形态,彰显了非婚生育实践与政策制定实施之间的生活弹性,但却常常被政策制定者所忽视和排斥;另一方面,未婚同居生育实践背后折射出中国生育模式正发生着从制度形塑到多元选择,从双系抚育到婚育倒置,从结构干预到现实需求,从代际反馈到幸福陪伴等方面的现代性转变。尽管非婚生育人群数量具有增加的趋势,但中国语境下非婚生育实践尚未从根本上挑战中国婚姻家庭的制度设置和根本价值。因此,未来既要走出西方个体主义的生育文化和家庭价值,也要兼顾全球个体化发展与中国本土经验。在人口发展和生育模式转变的新形势下,从制度建设入手,积极探索新时代的中国家庭建设路径,在重构新型婚育文化和重建家庭伦理的基础上思考生育政策的未来。这不仅可以有效应对全球第二次人口转型的婚育困境,同时也为世界其他国家的人口高质量发展提供了中国方案。In recent years,the problem of fewer children in China has become increasingly serious,directly affecting the country's coordinated development and people's livelihood construction.In the course of reversing the low fertility level,how to present and analyze the fertility concept and behavior of unmarried people in China? The study found that,on the one hand,the childbearing practice of unmarried cohabitants in China shows different and situational patterns in different types or within the same type,such as planning,rejection and accident,etc.And it shows the flexibility between the practice of out-ofwedlock childbearing and policy-making,but it is often ignored and excluded by policy-makers.On the other hand,the practice of unmarried cohabitation reflects that the Chinese birth model is taking place from institutional shaping to multi-choice,from dual-line child-rearing to marriage and child-bearing inversion,from structural intervention to realistic demand,from generation feedback to happiness and companionship and so on.Although the number of out-of-wedlock childbearing population is increasing,the practice of out-of-wedlock childbearing in the Chinese context has not fundamentally challenged the institution and fundamental value of Chinese marriage and family.Therefore,in the future,we should not only go out of the Western individualism fertility culture and family value,but also take into account the development of global individualism and the Chinese local experience.

关 键 词：未婚同居 非婚生育 青年 生育政策 人口转型 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]