Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs  

作　　者：Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas CARVALHO 

机构地区：[1]Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical,Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP),MacapáAP,Brazil [2]Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia,Instituto de Biologia,Centro de Ciências da Saúde,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ),Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil [3]Laboratório de Mamíferos,Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA),MacapáAP,Brazil [4]Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal,Laboratório de Sistemática,Ecologia e Evolução(LSEE),Instituto de Biociências,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS),Campo Grande,MT,Brazil [5]Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM),Departamento de Ecología,Facultad de Ciencias,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain [6]Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM),Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2024年第3期400-416,共17页整合动物学（英文版）

基　　金：P.M.was supported by a master’s scholarship and currently,is supported by doctoral scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES);Brazil(process number 88887.662021/2022-00);B.S.X.was supported by doctoral scholarships from CAPES,Brazil.W.D.C.was supported by post-doctoral funding(PNPD/CAPES)until early 2020.Currently,W.D.C.is supported by“Ayudas Maria Zambrano”(CA3/RSUE/2021-00197);funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities;G.L.U.was supported by Paraiba State Research Foundation(FAPESQ)under a doctoral scholarship from Grant No.518/18 and by PDPG-Amazônia Legal(process number 88887.834037/2023-00);G.G.was supported by CNPq(process number 306216/2018);Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.J.J.T.received a research productivity scholarship from CNPq(process number 316281/2021-22).

摘　　要：Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main parasites.However,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network structures.Here,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host sexes.We captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon.Despite female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically significant.The pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 compartments.The total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,respectively.Connectance values were very low for the pooled network and for all subnetworks.Our results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry season.Moreover,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male subnetwork.Therefore,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network structure.Future studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关 键 词：Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]