行政权力下放的实践:基于职权委托的解释  

The Practice of Administrative Decentralization:an Interpretation Based on Delegated Authority

作　　者：王颖婷 沈子华[1] Wang Yingting;Shen Zihua(School of Law,Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics,Urumqi 830012,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆财经大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830012

出　　处：《伊犁师范大学学报》2024年第1期35-40,共6页Journal of Yili Normal University

基　　金：2023年度新疆财经大学校地合作招标课题“中哈霍尔果斯国际边境合作区运行创新体制机制研究”(2023SLC011);2024年度新疆财经大学校级科研项目“自贸区公平竞争审查制度创新研究”(XJUFE2024D003)。

摘　　要：行政权力下放是基层行政执法体制改革的重要手段,下放形式以地方规范性文件、地方工作文件为主,下放方式是省政府授权,下放权力覆盖行政处罚、行政许可等行政权力。行政权力下放过程中,存在法律性质界定不清、乡镇和街道的执法主体资格受质疑、行政诉讼中被告认定不一的问题。从职权委托的构成要件出发,论证行政权力下放的本质不是法律授权或行政授权,而是以行政职权转移为核心的职权委托。应构建职权委托制度,对乡镇和街道的执法主体资格和行政诉讼被告资格予以肯定。Decentralization of administrative power is an important means of reform of the administrative law enforcement system at the grassroots level.The form of decentralization is mainly based on local normative documents and local working documents;the way of decentralization is the authorization of the provincial government;the delegated power covers administrative powers such as administrative punishment and administrative licensing.In the process of decentralization of administrative power,there are problems such as the unclear definition of the legal nature,the questioning of the qualifications of the law enforcement entities in townships and neighborhoods,and the inconsistent identification of defendants in administrative litigation.The essence of administrative decentralization is not legal authorization or administrative authorization,nor is it a delegation of affairs,but a delegation of authority with the transfer of administrative functions and powers as the core feature.A system of entrusting authority should be established to affirm the qualifications of township and neighborhood law enforcement entities and the qualifications of defendants in administrative litigation.

关 键 词：基层治理 法律授权 行政授权 事务委托 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]