仿绿头鸭扑翼飞行器的低速飞行气动特性仿真研究  

Simulation Study on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low-speed Flight in a Mallard-inspired Flapping Wing Air Vehicle

作　　者：祁武超[1] 高展通 田素梅[1] QI Wuchao;GAO Zhantong;TIAN Sumei(Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Aircraft Composite Structural Analysis and Simulation,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学辽宁省飞行器复合材料结构分析与仿真重点实验室,沈阳110136

出　　处：《无人系统技术》2024年第2期39-50,共12页Unmanned Systems Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11502149,12002218);辽宁省自然科学基金(2019-ZD-0228);辽宁省教育厅系列项目(JYT2020029,JYT2020034)。

摘　　要：针对仿绿头鸭扑翼飞行器,在刚性扑动基础上引入了展向弯折和弦向扭转两种运动方式,提出了4种不同扑动路径的描述方程,并对其低速飞行气动特性进行了研究。首先,根据绿头鸭翼翅外形选择NACA 6411翼型并对其弯度和长度进行修正,通过放样创建扑翼几何构型。之后,基于动网格技术构建扑翼流场网格模型,包含刚性扑动、机翼弯折和机翼扭转等3种不同扑动形态。最后,使用Fluent进行瞬态仿真,基于压力耦合求解器和k-ω湍流模型得到不同扑动形态下飞行速度为2 m/s时的气动特性。结果表明,在低速飞行时,非对称扑动效应、展向弯折效应和弦向扭转效应均可起到增加升力、降低阻力的效果。所提出的3个扑动模型相对传统的对称刚性扑动模型分别能提高3.89%、14.78%、24.44%的升力,其中弯扭组合形式的扑动提供的推力能够抵消前飞时的空气阻力。For the mallard-inspired flapping wing air vehicle,two additional motion modes-spanwise bending and chordwise twisting are introduced based on rigid flapping.Four different equations describing these varied flapping paths were proposed,and their aerodynamic characteristics during low-speed flight were investigated.Firstly,we choose the NACA 6411 airfoil based on the shape of the mallard wing and modify its curvature and length,creating a flapping wing geometry through lofting.Afterwards,flapping wing flow field grid models are constructed using dynamic grid technology,which include three different flapping forms:rigid flapping,spanwise bending,and chordwise twisting.Finally,we use Fluent to conduct transient simulations,employing the pressure-coupled solver and the k-ωturbulence model,to obtain the aerodynamic characteristics at 2 m/s under various flapping patterns.The results demonstrate that during low-speed flight,the effects of asymmetric flapping,spanwise bending,and chordwise twisting all contribute to increased lift and reduced drag.The three flapping models proposed in this paper can increase the lift by 3.89%,14.78%,and 24.44%,respectively,compared to the traditional symmetric rigid flapping model.Among these,the combined bending and twisting flapping mode provides thrust that is sufficient to offset the aerodynamic drag during forward flight.

关 键 词：扑翼飞行器 微小型飞行器 仿生 动网格 柔性扑动 气动特性 

分 类 号：V276[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]